<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-215X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Ortop Traumatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-215X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-215X2023000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Trastornos musculoesqueléticos y prácticas ergonómicas en universitarios peruanos durante la pandemia de la COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic practices in peruvian university Students during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ccami-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urday-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zela-Coila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhian Karlo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Caso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Arequipa]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-215X2023000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-215X2023000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-215X2023000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: El aislamiento social impuesto por la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha obligado a adaptarse a la educación a distancia.  Objetivo:  Determinar la prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y su asociación con las prácticas ergonómicas durante el uso de la computadora en estudiantes de una universidad peruana.  Métodos:  Se realizó un estudio transversal en octubre de 2020. La muestra se compuso por 738 estudiantes, a quienes se les aplicaron el cuestionario nórdico estandarizado, para detectar síntomas de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, y otro desarrollado por los autores, para evaluar las prácticas ergonómicas.  Resultados:  La prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos fue de 97,4 %. Las regiones más afectadas resultaron el cuello (85,5 %), la región lumbar (73 %) y la dorsal (70,2 %). Los estudiantes con antecedentes de algún traumatismo (PRa: 1,03; IC 95 %: 1,01-1,04) que, durante el uso de la computadora, adoptaron las posturas decúbito prono (RPa: 1,02; IC 95 %: 1,01-1,04) y sentados con la cabeza inclinada (RPa: 1,03; IC 95 %: 1,00-1,07) tuvieron mayor prevalencia de un trastorno musculoesquelético.  Conclusiones:  Existe una alta prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en los universitarios. Sobresalen el sexo femenino y quienes adoptan malas posturas durante el uso de la computadora; por tanto, se deben brindar medidas ergonómicas preventivas y de intervención en esta población.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to adapt to distance education.  Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with ergonomic practices during computer use in students from a Peruvian university.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in October 2020. The sample consisted of 738 students, they had the standardized Nordic questionnaire to detect symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders; and another, developed by the authors, to evaluate ergonomic practices.  Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 97.4%. The most affected regions were the neck (85.5%), the lumbar region (73%) and the dorsal region (70.2%). Students with history of trauma (PRa: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) who, while using the computer, adopted the prone position (RPa: 1.02; 95% CI : 1.01-1.04) and sitting with head tilted (RPa: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.07) had higher prevalence of a musculoskeletal disorder.  Conclusions: There is high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in university students. The female sex and those who adopt incorrect postures while using the computer stand out; therefore, preventive and intervention ergonomic measures should be provided in this population.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudiantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ergonomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación a distancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades musculoesqueléticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ergonomics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[long distance education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[musculoskeletal diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Congreso de la República</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto Supremo que declara Estado de Emergencia Nacional por las graves circunstancias que afectan la vida de la Nación a consecuencia del brote del COVID-19. DECRETO SUPREMO-No. 044-2020-PCM]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima, Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Peruano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 y la educación en estudiantes de medicina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cub Inv Bioméd]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majumdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biswas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chronobiol Int]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1191-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toberman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender and posture are significant risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms during touchscreen tablet computer use]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Phys Ther Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>855-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calidad de vida profesional y trastornos musculoesqueléticos en profesionales de Enfermería]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enferm Clín]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>336-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders A systematic review of recent longitudinal studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Ind Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>285-323</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ÁJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal disorders: OWAS review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ind Health]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>314-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almhdawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathiowetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Hourani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanaan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal pain symptoms among allied health professions' students Prevalence rates and associated factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMR]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1291-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishitake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal disorders among chinese medical students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kurume Med J]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>139-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tantawy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, body mass index, and academic stress in Bahraini University students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean J Pain]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>126-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Algarni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Saran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Moawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bin Dous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Ahaideb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kachanathu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence of and factors associated with neck, shoulder, and low-back pains among medical students at university hospitals in central Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Res Treat]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2017</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leirós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ó]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MÁ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal pain and non-classroom teaching in times of the COVID-19 pandemic analysis of the impact on students from two spanish universities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toprak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karaaslan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozer Kaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chronobiol Int]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1778-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaseen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[QB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic on students' body aches in Palestine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shuai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the effects of an educational program for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsalameh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alduayji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almutham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction/overuse and musculoskeletal pain among medical students at Qassim University]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Family Med Prim Care]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2953-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mowatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ABR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic practices among undergraduate university students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Clin Pract]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Surti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rehman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge and practices of ergonomics in computer users]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pak Med Assoc]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>213-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>World Medical Association</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>310</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>2191-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alshagga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibrahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IAA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Ghamdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radman Al-Dubai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and factors associated with neck, shoulder and low back pains among medical students in a Malaysian Medical College]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Res Not]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felemban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sofi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhebshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alharbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abduljabbar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and predictors of musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate students at a dental school in Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Cosmet Investig Dent]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>39-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haidary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of postural musculoskeletal symptoms among dental students in United Arab Emirates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Musculosk Disord]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdollahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pahlevan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yekaninejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaniyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leibold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of an ergonomics educational program on musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff working in the operating room A quasi-randomized controlled clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of physical activity intervention on the musculoskeletal health of university student computer users during homestay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Occup Saf Ergon]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EHC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CWK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal impact of the use of various types of electronic devices on university students in Hong Kong An evaluation by means of self-reported questionnaire]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Man Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>47-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors of non-specific neck pain and low back pain in computer-using office workers in China a cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yagci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gursoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zencir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Upper extremities and spinal musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors in students using computers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pak J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1361-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among intensive care unit nurses in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Workplace Health Saf]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>275-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rempel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A multi-method study evaluating computing-related risk factors among college students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Work]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>287-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roggio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trovato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravalli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maugeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[One year of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy effect of sedentary behavior on physical activity levels and musculoskeletal pain among university students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Low]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Low]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mardina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nursaleha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer vision syndrome: a study of knowledge and practices in university students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nepal J Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meisha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsharqawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samarah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Ghamdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic practice among dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Cosmet Investig Dent]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>171-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Md]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shohel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tasnim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talapatra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruhani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of musculoskeletal problems among bangladeshi university students in relation to classroom and library furniture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Inst Eng India Ser C]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>279-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacLean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neyedli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frayne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of at home workstation ergonomics&amp;nbsp;and gender on musculoskeletal pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Work]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>309-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diferencias de sexo en el dolor Una aproximación a la clínica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>207-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Craft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences in pain and analgesia the role of gonadal hormones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pain]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>397-411</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snodgrass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences in posture kinematics between using a tablet, a laptop, and a desktop computer in sitting and in standing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Work]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>257-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Posture related musculoskeletal discomfort and its association with computer use among university students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pak Med Assoc]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>639-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Punnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brownson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[University students' notebook computer use lessons learned using e-diaries to report musculoskeletal discomfort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ergon]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>206-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
