<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-2176</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Oftalmología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Oftalmol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-2176</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-21762022000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Vergencias fusionales. Exploración e importancia en la práctica clínica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fusion Vergences. Exploration and Importance in Clinical Practice]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pons Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sibello Deustua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sirley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Duquesne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Madlena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-21762022000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-21762022000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-21762022000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La vergencia fusional se define como la vergencia estimulada por la disparidad retiniana que genera un movimiento vergencial para mantener la visión binocular simple, son movimientos binoculares disyuntivos en los que ambos ojos se dirigen en la misma dirección para fijar un objeto y a la vez se desplazan en sentido opuesto. La amplitud de fusión desempeña un importante papel en mantener una visión binocular simple. Los valores fuera de la norma son significativos en el diagnóstico de posibles disfunciones binoculares no estrábicas. Con este artículo se pretende mostrar los diferentes criterios relacionados con la evaluación de la amplitud de las reservas fusionales, cual es la prueba más usada y los rangos considerados dentro de límites normales, para lo que se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes publicaciones y textos de la especialidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Fusional vergence is defined as the vergence stimulated by retinal disparity that generates a vergence movement to maintain simple binocular vision, they are disjunctive binocular movements in which both eyes are directed in the same direction to fix an object and at the same time they move in opposite way. Fusion amplitude plays an important role in maintaining single binocular vision. Values outside the norm are significant in the diagnosis of possible non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions. This article aims to show the different criteria related to the evaluation of the amplitude of fusional reserves, which is the most used test and the ranges considered within normal limits, for which a search was carried out in different publications and texts of the specialty.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vergencia fusional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[heteroforia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[convergencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[divergencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fusional vergence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heterophoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[convergence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[divergence]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rangos de referencia de heteroforias y reservas fusionales entre los 6 y los 60 años de edad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cienc Tecnol Salud Vis Ocul]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estrabismo]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>2da</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Artes gráficas Toledo, S.A.U]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Alemany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Optometría Pediátrica]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Xátiva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ulleye]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grosvenor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Optometría de Atención Primaria]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Masson]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Validación clínica de una nueva técnica de medida de las reservas fusionales binoculares]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Zaragoza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sreenivasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Objective Measurement of Fusional Vergence Ranges and Heterophoria in Infants and Preschool Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2678-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protocolo para la evaluación de la función vergencial en un examen optométrico.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lança]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement of fusional vergence a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strabismus]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>88-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hauschild]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wasserman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeBenedictis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padidam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inconsistent diagnostic criteria for convergence insufficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J AAPOS]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>32.e1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wajuihian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of heterophoria and its association with near fusional vergence ranges and refractive errors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Afr Vision Eye Health.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassonov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassonov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koslowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shneor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of test sequence on measurement of positive and negative fusional vergence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optom Vis Dev]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fusional Amplitudes Developing Testing Standards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strabismus]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>145-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fusional vergence measures and their significance in clinical assessments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strabismus]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>48-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oatts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salchow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age-related distance esotropia - fusional amplitudes and clinical course]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strabismus]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>52-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Veselý]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svatopluk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Synek]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simple Binocular Vision Examination on Synoptophore. Determination of Normative Database of Healthy Adult Subjects Examination of Binocular Vision on Synoptophore]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Collegium antropologicum]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>145-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pateras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tzamouranis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["Technique for Measuring Strabismus with Synoptophore - Review"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>6-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación clínica de la visión binocular. Montés Micó R]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optometría: Principios básicos y aplicación clínica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<edition>1ra</edition>
<page-range>289-320</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sathyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varughese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Convergence insuffiiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kerala J Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>88-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fusional vergence detected by prism bar and synoptophore in chinese childhood intermittent exotropia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2015</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albarrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ondategui-Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Binocular vision alterations after refractive and cataract surgery: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta ophthalmologica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>145-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majumder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinathamby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Illumination over Positive Fusional Vergence when Using VDU as Target]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Exp Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
