Genes HLA en una muestra de la población cubaGenes cubana.

HLA genes in a sample of the Cuban population.

Martha L. Paradoa1, Derek Middleton2 , Armando Acosta3, María E. Sarmiento3, Jorge Leyva3.

1. Hospital Pediátrico “J.M. Márquez”. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.Email:mparadoa@infomed.sld.cu ]]> 2. Northern Ireland Regional Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, City Hospital. Belfast. North Ireland, UK.
3. Instituto Finlay, Centro de Investigación-Producción de Vacunas y Sueros. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.

RESUMEN

Los antígenos codificados por los genes HLA tienen una gran importancia para el trasplante así como constituyen marcadores genéticos para estudios antropológicos y están asociados a diversas enfermedades en cuya etiopatogenia pueden estar involucrados mecanismos inmunológicos. En este estudio se determina la distribución de los alelos HLA en la población cubana de Ciudad de La Habana, como área cosmopolita. Fueron tipados 129 donantes de sangre sanos (70 blancos, 42 mestizos y 17 negros) por la técnica de tipaje de ADN para los alelos HLA –A, B, C y DRB1 mediante PCR y tipaje de oligonucleótidos. El análisis de la frecuencia génica (FG) de cada locus mostró los resultados siguientes: HLA –A * 0201 (12,3%),* 0301 (8,07%), * 2301 (7,8%), * 2402 (7,8%), * 0101 (6,7%) y * 2902 (6,4%): HLA – B * 35 (9,7%), B * 44 (9,33%), B * 07 (8,89%) y B * 53 (7,6%): HLA – C * 04 (17,35%),* 07 (15,5%),* 0702 (7,20%), * 0602 (6,77) y *0802 (5,9%): HLA – DR * 02 (14,61%),* 04 (14,1%), * 0701 (12,82%), * 0103 (12,25%), * 03 (11,9%), * 11 (11,9%), * 13 (11,51%) y * 01 (6,72%). Se encontró una frecuencia elevada en la distribución de un grupo de alelos, lo que podría estar en relación con ciertas combinaciones que confieran ventajas evolutivas contra patógenos, respondiendo a los llamados genes de protección para ciertas enfermedades en nuestra población.

Palabras claves: HLA, genes, alelos, población.

ABSTRACT

The antigens coded by the HLA genes have a great importance in transplantation, and as genetic markers for anthropological studies, and they are associated to diverse illnesses, in whose pathogenic immunology mechanisms they could be involved. In this study, the distribution of HLA alleles was determined in the Cuban population of Havana City, as a cosmopolitan area 129 healthy blood donors were studied (70 whites, 42 mixed blood (black x white) and 17 blacks), by DNA typing for HLA–A, B, C and DRB1 alleles using PCR and oligonucleotide typing. The gene frequency analysis (GF) of each locus showed the following results: HLA–A * 0201 (23,2%), * 0301 (15,5%), * 2301 (14,7%), * 2402 (14,7%), * 0101 (13,1%) and * 2902 (12,4%): HLA–B * 35 (18,6%), * 44 (17,8%), * 07 (17%) and * 53 (14,7%): HLA–C * 04 (31,7%), * 07 (28,6%), * 0702 (13,9%), * 0602 (13.1) and * 0802 (11,6%): HLA–DR * 02 (27,1%), * 04 (26,3%), * 03 (22,4%), * 11 (22,4%), * 13 (21,7%) and * 01 (13,9%). A high frequency in the distribution of a group of alleles was found. This fact could be related to combinations that give evolutionary advantages against pathogens in our population.

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