<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1025-028X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1025-028X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Finlay Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1025-028X2001000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Determinación del tiempo equivalente acumulado durante los ciclos de esterilización, por vapor saturado, en un fermentador empleado en la producción de vacunas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of the accumulated Fo during saturated steam sterilization cycles in a fermentor used for vaccine production]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pucheta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lissette L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carballosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laritza]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandolff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carcache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo Nacional de Validación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Finlay  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1025-028X2001000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1025-028X2001000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1025-028X2001000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se realizó una revisión acerca de la esterilidad y de los procesos de esterilización en equipos empleados a escala de producción. Se describe el concepto de Fo y su empleo en la evaluación de la efectividad de un proceso de esterilización. Se estudió el perfil de temperatura en diferentes secciones del fermentador durante los ciclos de esterilización, encontrándose algunas secciones en las cuales el tiempo equivalente no era suficiente por lo que se propusieron modificaciones, que luego de ejecutadas permitieron obtener resultados satisfactorios.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Technical literature related to sterilization processes in industrial equipment was reviewed. The Fo concept was described and its application for evaluating the efficiency of the sterilization process in a fermentor. The temperature profile in different sections of the fermentor was studied during the sterilization cycles. After the application of some modifications, a reliable SAL was obtained in all sections of the fermentor.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esterilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[validación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fermentadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reactores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sterilization process]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[validation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reactors]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="right"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">ARTICULOS ORIGINALES</font></b></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong><font size="4">Determinaci&oacute;n del tiempo equivalente acumulado durante    los ciclos de esterilizaci&oacute;n, por vapor saturado, en un  fermentador empleado en la producci&oacute;n de vacunas.</font></strong></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><strong><font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Determination of the accumulated Fo during saturated steam sterilization cycles in a fermentor used for vaccine production.    <br> </font></strong></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Jorge A. Padr&oacute;n1, Jorge Fern&aacute;ndez1, Jos&eacute; Su&aacute;rez1, Lissette L. Pucheta1, Gerardo Limia1,     Laritza Carballosa1, Camilo Gandolff1, Orlando Mart&iacute;nez1, Alberto G&oacute;mez2, Javier Carcache2.</strong>    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1 Grupo Nacional de Validaci&oacute;n. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail:<a href="mailto:Jorgepp@finlay.edu.cu">Jorgepp@finlay.edu.cu</a>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2 Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n-Producci&oacute;n de Vacunas y Sueros. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.</font></p> <hr>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>RESUMEN</strong>    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Se realiz&oacute; una revisi&oacute;n acerca de la esterilidad y de los procesos de esterilizaci&oacute;n en equipos empleados a    escala de producci&oacute;n. Se describe el concepto de Fo y su empleo en la evaluaci&oacute;n de la efectividad de un    proceso de esterilizaci&oacute;n. Se estudi&oacute; el perfil de temperatura en diferentes secciones del fermentador durante los    ciclos de esterilizaci&oacute;n, encontr&aacute;ndose algunas secciones en las cuales el tiempo equivalente no era suficiente    por lo que se propusieron modificaciones, que luego de ejecutadas permitieron obtener resultados satisfactorios.    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Esterilizaci&oacute;n, validaci&oacute;n, fermentadores, reactores</font></p> <hr>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">  <strong>Abstract</strong>    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Technical literature related to sterilization processes in industrial equipment was reviewed. The Fo concept was described    and its application for evaluating the efficiency of the sterilization process in a fermentor. The temperature profile in    different sections of the fermentor was studied during the sterilization cycles. After the application of some modifications, a    reliable SAL was obtained in all sections of the fermentor.    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Sterilization process, validation, fermentors, reactors.</font></p> <hr>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Texto completo en pdf</font></p>     <P  ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>REFERENCIAS</B> </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1. Groves MJ, Murty R. Aseptic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing II. USA: Interpharm Press Inc; 1995. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2. Baseman, HJ. SIP/CIP Validation. Pharmaceutical Engineering 1992; 12 (2):37-46. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3. Carleton FJ, Agalloco JP. Validation of Aseptic Pharmaceutical Proceses. USA: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1986. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">4. Denyer S, Baird R. Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals. UK: Ellis Horwood; 1990. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">5. Avallone HL. Sterility retesting. Journal of Parenteral Science and Technology 1986; 40 (2):56-57. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">6. Parenteral Drug Association. Moist Heat Sterilization in Autoclaves, Technical Monograph No. 1, Draft #10. USA: Parenteral Drug Association; 2000. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7. Lydersen BK, D'Elia NA. Bioprocess Engineering: System, Equipment and facilities. USA: Wiley-InterScience 1994. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">8. Keenan JH, Keyes FG. Steam Tables_Thermodinamics properties of water including vapor, liquid and solid phases. USA: Wiley-InterScience 1978. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">9. Pflug I J. Discussion of the Z-value to use in calculating the F0-value for high-temperature sterilization processes. Journal of Parenteral Science and Technology 1996; 50 (1):51-54. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">10. Parenteral Drug Association. European Forum; Steam Sterilization &amp; Parametric Release Science and Regulation. Basel, PDA,1999. </font>     <!-- ref --><P  ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">11. Kerlin TW, Shepard RL. Industrial Temperature Measurement. USA: Instrument Society of America; 1982. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">12. McBride RJ. The F0 Concept , Tutorial No. 1. UK: Parenteral Society; 1993. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">13. Browne HJ, Olsson KI. Discussion of Control Systems in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Pharmaceutical Engineering. 1998; 18 (4):84-92. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">14. Marks DM. An Integrated Approach to CIP/SIP Design for Bioprocess Equipment. Pharmaceutical Engineering 1999; 19 (2):34-45. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">15. Stadler EL, David M. Dual Purpose Fermentor and Bioreactor? A Capital Quandary!. Pharmaceutical Engineering 1998; 18 (3):74-84</font>.     <p>&nbsp; </p>     ]]></body>
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