<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1025-028X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1025-028X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Finlay Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1025-028X2006000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Validación de un ELISA tipo inhibición para cuantificar polisacárido Vi en la vacuna antitifoídica cubana vax-TyViââ]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validation of an inhibition-type ELISA for quantifying Vi polysaccharide content in the Cuban Typhoid Vaccine vax-TyViä]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esther María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ileana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riverón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nuris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perojo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nadia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yolexis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eylín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belkis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yonaydi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruces]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Argentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niurka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandiarote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aleida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roselyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Finlay  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1025-028X2006000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1025-028X2006000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1025-028X2006000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se describe la validación de un ELISA tipo inhibición, reportado por primera vez en la literatura científica para cuantificar un antígeno vacunal: el polisacárido Vi de Salmonella Typhi, para ser empleado en el control de la calidad de la vacuna antitifoídica cubana vax- TyViâ. El ensayo consta de seis pasos: 1) Recubrimiento de placa de reacción con poli-L-lisina y posteriormente polisacárido Vi; 2) Bloqueo con leche descremada; 3) Inhibición o neutralización en tubos de suero anti-Vi de conejo, respectivamente, con polisacárido Vi de Curva de Calibración (concentraciones desde 1-32 &#956;g/mL), control positivo y muestras de vacuna (3 diluciones); 4) Neutralización de anticuerpos anti-Vi libres, presentes en las mezclas anteriores, por el Polisacárido de Recubrimiento; 5) Reconocimiento de anticuerpos anti-Vi unidos a la placa (conjugado anti-IgG de conejo-fosfatasa alcalina) y 6) Revelado por reacción enzima-sustrato. Los parámetros de validación estudiados y sus resultados fueron: 1) Precisión, expresada como coeficiente de variación a tres niveles de concentración de polisacárido, comprendidos en el rango de su especificación (35, 50 y 70 &#956;g/mL) y evaluada en términos de repetibilidad; precisión intraensayos (cuatro analistas) y reproducibilidad (seis analistas): £ 20%; 2) Linealidad (100*R2): 99,68 %; 3) Límite de detección: 0,5 &#956;g/mL; 4) Exactitud (recuperación para las tres diluciones de la muestra: entre 100 y 118%), y 5) Robustez: no influye 1,5 h de bloqueo (p = 0,52) ni ± 5 min para leer placa (p = 0,56); influye grandemente la calidad del agua (p = 0,026), a favor del agua para inyección. El ensayo es adecuado para los fines propuestos y es una medida de la inmunogenicidad in vitro del polisacárido Vi.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Validation of an inhibition-type ELISA intended for quantifying a vaccine antigen, Vi polysaccharide from Salmonella typhi, is reported here for the first time in a scientific paper. It is devoted to the quality control of the Cuban typhoid vaccine vax-TyViä. The test requires six steps: (1) Coating the plate with poly-L-lysine and then Vi polysaccharide; (2) Blocking with skimmed milk; (3) Inhibition (or neutralization) in tubes of rabbit Vi antiserum with Vi polysaccharide contained in the Standard Curve (concentrations from 1 - 32 &#956;g/mL), Positive Control and vaccine samples (3 dilutions) respectively; (4) Neutralization of free Vi antibodies existing in the previous mixtures by the coating polysaccharide; (5) Recognition of Vi antibodies bonded to the plate (Anti-rabbit IgG-alkaline phosphatase) and (6) Revealing by means of the enzyme-substrate reaction. The studied validation parameters and their results were: (1) Precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation, at three different polysaccharide concentration levels comprising the vaccine specification range (35, 50 and 70 &#956;g/mL) and evaluated in terms of Repeatability, Intermediate Precision (four analysts) and Reproducibility (six analysts): £ 20%; (2) Linearity (100*R2): 99.68%; (3) Detection Limit: 0.5 &#956;g/mL;(4) Accuracy (recovery at three different sample dilutions): between 100 y 118%, and (5) Robustness: neither 1.5 h blocking nor ± 5 min for plate reading influences the test (p = 0.52 and 0.56 respectively); however, water quality greatly influences the results (p = 0.026); water for injection showed the best results. The test is appropriate for the purpose it was validated; it also allows evaluating in vitro immunogenicity of Vi polysaccharide.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polisacárido Vi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Salmonella Typhi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacuna antitifoídica.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vi polysaccharide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Salmonella typhi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Typhoid Vaccine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="right"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>ARTICULOS   ORIGINALES</b></font></p>     <p align="left">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><font size="4" face="Verdana"><strong>Validaci&oacute;n de un ELISA tipo inhibici&oacute;n para cuantificar polisac&aacute;rido Vi en  la vacuna antitifo&iacute;dica cubana vax-TyVi&acirc;&acirc;.</strong></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><strong><font size="3" face="Verdana">Validation of an inhibition-type ELISA for quantifying Vi polysaccharide content in the Cuban  Typhoid Vaccine vax-TyVi&auml;</font></strong></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana"><br />   </font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana"><strong>Esther Mar&iacute;a Fajardo, Ileana Delgado, Luis River&oacute;n, Luis Izquierdo, Nuris Iglesias, Eduardo &Aacute;lvarez, Alicia Perojo, Nadia Costa,  Yolexis Tamayo, Eyl&iacute;n Jorge, Belkis Hern&aacute;ndez, Yonaydi D&iacute;az, Argentina Cruces, Niurka Guti&eacute;rrez, Ana Cristina Puig, Aleida   Mandiarote, Roselyn Mart&iacute;nez, Daniel Cardoso<br />  </strong></font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana">Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n-Producci&oacute;n de Vacunas. Ave.27 No. 19805. La Lisa. A.P. 16017, C.P. 11600.  Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: <a href="emailto:efajardo@finlay.edu.cu">efajardo@finlay.edu.cu</a><br />  </font></p> <hr />     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana">Se describe la validaci&oacute;n de un ELISA tipo inhibici&oacute;n, reportado por primera vez en la literatura cient&iacute;fica para cuantificar un ant&iacute;geno   vacunal: el polisac&aacute;rido Vi de Salmonella Typhi, para ser empleado en el control de la calidad de la vacuna antitifo&iacute;dica cubana vax-  TyVi&acirc;. El ensayo consta de seis pasos: 1) Recubrimiento de placa de reacci&oacute;n con poli-L-lisina y posteriormente polisac&aacute;rido Vi;  2) Bloqueo con leche descremada; 3) Inhibici&oacute;n o neutralizaci&oacute;n en tubos de suero anti-Vi de conejo, respectivamente, con polisac&aacute;rido   Vi de Curva de Calibraci&oacute;n (concentraciones desde 1&ndash;32 &mu;g/mL), control positivo y muestras de vacuna (3 diluciones);  4) Neutralizaci&oacute;n de anticuerpos anti-Vi libres, presentes en las mezclas anteriores, por el Polisac&aacute;rido de Recubrimiento;  5) Reconocimiento de anticuerpos anti-Vi unidos a la placa (conjugado anti-IgG de conejo-fosfatasa alcalina) y 6) Revelado por   reacci&oacute;n enzima-sustrato. Los par&aacute;metros de validaci&oacute;n estudiados y sus resultados fueron: 1) Precisi&oacute;n, expresada como coeficiente de   variaci&oacute;n a tres niveles de concentraci&oacute;n de polisac&aacute;rido, comprendidos en el rango de su especificaci&oacute;n (35, 50 y 70 &mu;g/mL) y   evaluada en t&eacute;rminos de repetibilidad; precisi&oacute;n intraensayos (cuatro analistas) y reproducibilidad (seis analistas): &pound; 20%; 2) Linealidad   (100*R2): 99,68 %; 3) L&iacute;mite de detecci&oacute;n: 0,5 &mu;g/mL; 4) Exactitud (recuperaci&oacute;n para las tres diluciones de la muestra: entre 100 y   118%), y 5) Robustez: no influye 1,5 h de bloqueo (p = 0,52) ni &plusmn; 5 min para leer placa (p = 0,56); influye grandemente la calidad del   agua (p = 0,026), a favor del agua para inyecci&oacute;n. El ensayo es adecuado para los fines propuestos y es una medida de la   inmunogenicidad in vitro del polisac&aacute;rido Vi.<br />  </font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana"><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> ELISA, polisac&aacute;rido Vi, Salmonella Typhi, vacuna antitifo&iacute;dica.</font></p> <hr />     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana"> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana"> Validation of an inhibition-type ELISA intended for quantifying a vaccine antigen, Vi polysaccharide from Salmonella typhi, is reported here for   the first time in a scientific paper. It is devoted to the quality control of the Cuban typhoid vaccine vax-TyVi&auml;. The test requires six steps: (1)  Coating the plate with poly-L-lysine and then Vi polysaccharide; (2) Blocking with skimmed milk; (3) Inhibition (or neutralization) in tubes of   rabbit Vi antiserum with Vi polysaccharide contained in the Standard Curve (concentrations from 1 &ndash; 32 &mu;g/mL), Positive Control and vaccine   samples (3 dilutions) respectively; (4) Neutralization of free Vi antibodies existing in the previous mixtures by the coating polysaccharide; (5)  Recognition of Vi antibodies bonded to the plate (Anti-rabbit IgG-alkaline phosphatase) and (6) Revealing by means of the enzyme-substrate   reaction. The studied validation parameters and their results were: (1) Precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation, at three different   polysaccharide concentration levels comprising the vaccine specification range (35, 50 and 70 &mu;g/mL) and evaluated in terms of Repeatability,  Intermediate Precision (four analysts) and Reproducibility (six analysts): &pound; 20%; (2) Linearity (100*R2): 99.68%; (3) Detection Limit: 0.5<br /> &mu;g/mL; (4) Accuracy (recovery at three different sample dilutions): between 100 y 118%, and (5) Robustness: neither 1.5 h blocking nor &plusmn; 5 min   for plate reading influences the test (p = 0.52 and 0.56 respectively); however, water quality greatly influences the results (p = 0.026); water for   injection showed the best results. The test is appropriate for the purpose it was validated; it also allows evaluating in vitro immunogenicity of Vi   polysaccharide.<br /> </font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana"><strong>Keywords</strong>: ELISA, Vi polysaccharide, Salmonella typhi, Typhoid Vaccine</font></p> <hr />     <p align="left"><span class="Estilo4 Estilo15">Texto completo formato PDF </span></p>     <p align="left"><strong><font size="2" face="Verdana">REFERENCIAS</font></strong></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="left">1. WHO Background document: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of typhoid fever. WHO/V&amp;B/03.07, 2003.<br />    <!-- ref -->   2. Levine MM, FerreccioC, Black RE, Germanier R. Large-scale field trial of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation. Lancet 1987; 1(8541):1049-1052.<br />    <!-- ref -->   3. Klugman KP, Gilbertson IT, Koornhof HJ, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Schulz D, Cadoz M, Armand J. Protective activity of Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever. Lancet 1987; 2(8569):1165-1169.<br />    <!-- ref -->   4. Plotkin SA, Bouveret-Le Cam N. A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide. Arch Intern Med 1995; 55:2293-2299.<br />    <!-- ref -->   5. River&oacute;n L, Cardoso D et al. Vax-TyVi&acirc;: Vacuna Cubana de Polisac&aacute;rido Vi de Salmonella typhi. Biotec Aplicada 2003; 20(4):245-247.<br />    <!-- ref -->   6. Ochoa R, Bar&oacute; M, Mart&iacute;nez JC, Mirabal M, Armesto M, Dom&iacute;nguez F. Seguridad e inmunogenicidad de una Vacuna de Polisac&aacute;rido Vi de Salmonella typhi en Cuba. Rev Cub Med Trop 2003; 55(2):83-87.<br />    <!-- ref -->   7. Ochoa R, Mart&iacute;nez JC, Ginebra M, Ferriol X, Rodr&iacute;guez V, Sotolongo F. Immunogenicity of a new Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide vaccine &ndash; vax-TyVi&acirc; - in Cuban school children and teenagers. Vaccine 2003; 21:2758-60.<br />   8. Requirements for Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine. WHO Tech Rep Series 1994; 840:14-33.<br />    <!-- ref -->   9. Typhoid polysaccharide vaccine. European Pharmacopoeia 2002, 4th Edition, Version 4.2, 07/2002:1160.<br />    <!-- ref -->   10. Tijssen P. Practice and theory of enzyme immunoassays. En: Burdon RH, van Knippenberg PH (Eds.). Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol 15. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Elsevier, 1985.<br />    <!-- ref -->   11. Voller A, Bidwell DR, Bartlett A. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A guide with abstracts of microplate applications. Dynatech Europe, Borough House, Guernsey GB, 1979.<br />    <!-- ref -->   12. Szu AC, Li X, Stone AL, Robbins JB. Relation between structure and immunologic properties of the Vi capsular polysaccharide. Infect Immun 1991, 59 (12):4555-61.<br />    <!-- ref -->   13. Ochoa R, Mart&iacute;nez JC, Ferriol X, Garc&iacute;a AM, Estrada E, Blanco R et al. Sensibilizaci&oacute;n de placas para ensayos inmunoenzim&aacute;ticos con ant&iacute;genos vacunales. VacciMonitor 2001; 10(4):14-17.<br />    <!-- ref -->   14. Plikaytis BD et al. Comparisons of Standard Curve-Fitting Methods to quantitate Neisseria meningitidis Group A Polysaccharide Antibody levels by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. J Clin Microb 1991; 29(7):1439-1446.<br />    <!-- ref -->   15. Plikaytis BD, Holder PF, Carlone GM. Program ELISA for Windows User&rsquo;s Manual, version 1.00. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA, 1996.<br />   16. PNO 12-157. Determinaci&oacute;n de la concentraci&oacute;n de polisac&aacute;rido Vi de Salmonella Typhi en la Vacuna Antitifo&iacute;dica vax-TyVi, mediante ELISA. Instituto Finlay, Vicepresidencia de Calidad,Cuba 2001.<br />    <!-- ref -->   17. Chaloner-Larson G. Gu&iacute;a de la OMS sobre los requisitos de las Pr&aacute;cticas Adecuadas de Fabricaci&oacute;n (PAF). Segunda parte: Validaci&oacute;n. WHO/VSQ/97.02. Ginebra, OMS, pp: 70-83, 1998.<br />    <!-- ref -->   18. Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Validation of analytical procedures: Methodology. ICH, Nov. 1996.<br />    <!-- ref -->   19. PNO 15-011. Tarea T&eacute;cnica para la preparaci&oacute;n de Materiales de Referencia. Instituto Finlay, Direcci&oacute;n de la Calidad. 2001.<br />    <!-- ref -->   20. PNO 15-002. Preparaci&oacute;n, caracterizaci&oacute;n e identificaci&oacute;n de Materiales de Referencia. Instituto Finlay, Direcci&oacute;n de la Calidad.Cuba 2001.<br />    <!-- ref -->   21. Balls M, Fentem JH. Progress toward the validation of alternative tests. ATLA 1997, 25:33-43.<br />       22. ImmunoELISA&auml;.www.orgenics.com <br /> </p>     <p align="left">&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body><back>
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