<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1028-9933</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Información Científica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. inf. cient.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1028-9933</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1028-99332019000200294</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una mirada crítica a las consideraciones preanalíticas de gases sanguíneos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A critical look at the preanalytical considerations of blood gases]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Uma análise crítica das considerações pré-analíticas dos gases sangüíneos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quevedo Palomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Idalmis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ley Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estevan Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Docente &#8220;Dr. Agostinho Neto&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Guantánamo]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico Docente "General Pedro Agustín Pérez"  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Guantánamo]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>294</fpage>
<lpage>306</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1028-99332019000200294&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1028-99332019000200294&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1028-99332019000200294&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: uno de los asuntos menos discutidos y que poco se entiende del mismo, es la seguridad del paciente. Hace poco tiempo se ha convertido en un tema ubicuo y polémico, especialmente para algunas organizaciones médicas.  Objetivo: sistematizar referentes teóricos relacionados con las particularidades del proceso de toma de muestray análisis de los gases en sangre.  Método:  se revisan los principales elementos que gravitan en esta fase para el análisis de los gases sanguíneos, así como la influencia que estos pueden tener en la calidad de los resultados y las prácticas clínicas y de laboratorio para optimizarla.  Desarrollo: la fase preanalítica es aquella que antecede a la realización de un ensayo o estudio de laboratorio e incluye la preparación del paciente, la confección de la solicitud de análisis y los cuidados para la obtención de las muestras. La atención que el médico de asistencia y el personal del laboratorio concedan a esta fase es directamente proporcional a la calidad de los resultados que se obtendrán.  Conclusiones:  el análisis de pH y gases sanguíneos deben ser considerados siempre como un estudio de urgencia. La muestra no debe permanecer por más de diez minutos a temperatura ambiente y cuando el análisis demore más de 15 minutos, la muestra deberá ser conservada en agua con hielo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  one of the least discussed issues and that little is understood about it, is patient safety. It has recently become a ubiquitous and controversial issue, especially for some medical organizations.  Objective:  to systematize theoretical references related to the particularities of the process of sample taking and analysis of blood gases.  Method:  the main elements that gravitate in this phase are analyzed for the blood gas analysis, as well as the influence that these can have on the quality of the results and the clinical and laboratory practices to optimize it.  Development:  the preanalytical phase is the one that precedes the performance of a trial or laboratory study and includes the preparation of the patient, the preparation of the analysis request and the care for obtaining the samples. The attention that the attending physician and laboratory staff give to this phase is directly proportional to the quality of the results that will be obtained.  Conclusions:  the analysis of pH and blood gases should always be considered as an emergency study. The sample should not remain for more than ten minutes at room temperature and when the analysis takes more than 15 minutes, the sample should be stored in ice water.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução:  uma das questões menos discutidas e que pouco é entendido sobre isso, é a segurança do paciente. Tornou-se recentemente uma questão onipresente e controversa, especialmente para algumas organizações médicas.  Objetivo:  sistematizar referenciais teóricos relacionados às particularidades do processo de coleta de amostras e análise de gases sangüíneos.  Método:  os principais elementos que gravitam nesta fase são analisados para a gasometria, assim como a influência que estes podem ter na qualidade dos resultados e nas práticas clínicas e laboratoriais para otimizá-la.  Desenvolvimento:  a fase pré-analítica é aquela que precede a realização de uma pesquisa ou estudo laboratorial e inclui a preparação do paciente, a elaboração do pedido de análise e o cuidado para obtenção das amostras. A atenção que o médico assistente e o pessoal de laboratório dão a essa fase é diretamente proporcional à qualidade dos resultados que serão obtidos.  Conclusões:  a análise do pH e dos gases sanguíneos deve ser sempre considerada como um estudo de emergência. A amostra não deve permanecer por mais de dez minutos em temperatura ambiente e quando a análise demora mais de 15 minutos, a amostra deve ser armazenada em água gelada.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fase preanalítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gases sanguíneos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[errores preanalíticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[preanalytical phase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blood gases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[preanalytical errors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fase pré-analítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gases sanguíneos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[erros pré-analíticos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vítolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos: errores más frecuentes y manejo de riesgos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca Virtual NOBLE]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciacovelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelloso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiozza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance criteria and quality indicators for the pre-analytical phase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chem Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>943-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima-Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimaraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AVP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lippi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preanalytical non conformity management regarding primary tube mixing in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Biochem]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima-Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lippi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picheth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preanalytical phase management: a review of the procedures from patient preparation to laboratory analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Clin Lab Invest]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>153-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The quality indicator paradox]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chem Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1119-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciacovelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelloso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiozza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance criteria and quality indicators for the pre-analytical phase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chem Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>943-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aakre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristoffersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How to conduct External Quality Assessment Schemes for the pre-analytical phase?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem Med (Zagreb)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>114-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciacovelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padoan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiozza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality indicators to detect pre-analytical errors in laboratory testing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chim Acta]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>432</volume>
<page-range>44-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciacovelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiozza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Harmonization of pre-analytical quality indicators]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BiochemMed (Zagreb)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>105-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New perspectives on acid-base balance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semi Dial]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>212-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approach to patients with acid-base disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>392-403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasikumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood gas sampling - Pre-analytical issues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Resp Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>758-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sittig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AARC clinical practice guideline: blood gas analysis and hemoximetry: 2013]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1694-703</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Kane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermeersch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadamuro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oosterhuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciacovelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of extra-analytical phase quality indicators by clinical laboratories: the results of an international survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chem Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>e315-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neogi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehndiratta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pre-analytical phase in clinical chemistry laboratory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Sci Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>171-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaninotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tasinato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vecchiato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Legnaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plebani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance specifications in extra-analytical phase of laboratory testing: sample handling and transportation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Biochem]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>10-11</numero>
<issue>10-11</issue>
<page-range>605-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knowles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of syringe material, sample storage time, and temperature on blood gases and oxygen saturation in arterialized human blood samples]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>732-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of the pre-analytical phase of a clinical analyses laboratory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bras Patol Med Lab]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>232-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giménez-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MDM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pre-analytical errors management in the clinical laboratory a five-year study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>248-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehndiratta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adopting role playfor training medical interns about sample collection and processing for laboratory investigations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Med Biochem]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>24-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehndiratta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Roleplay a method of teachingbiochemistry to medical undergraduates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Med Biochem]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>39-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Beest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuiper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boerma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Central venous-arterial pCO2 difference as a tool in resuscitation of septic patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1034-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aiko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PhysiologicalApproach to Assessment of Acid-Base Disturbances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>371</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>1434-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bedside rule secondary response in metabolic acid-base disorders isunreliable]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acid-base pathophysiology after 130 years confusing, irrational and controversial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nephrol [en línea]]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>254-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
