<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1028-9933</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Información Científica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. inf. cient.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1028-9933</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1028-99332021000200011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Disfunciones quimiosensoriales del olfato y el gusto provocadas por el SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chemosensory dysfunctions of taste and smell caused by SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Disfunções quimiossensoriais de olfato e paladar causadas pelo SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aracelis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Figueras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yordanka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marlene Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fidel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Guantánamo]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Ciego de Ávila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciego de Ávila]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guayaquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Guayaquil]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Policlínico Universitario &#8220;Asdrúbal López Vázquez&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Guantánamo]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1028-99332021000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1028-99332021000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1028-99332021000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Múltiples reportes de la literatura científica avalan, que los trastornos del olfato y el gusto son cada vez más frecuentes desde el inicio de la COVID-19, ofreciendo diversos mecanismos fisiopatológicos para explicar estas alteraciones.  Objetivo:  Sistematizar las evidencias científicas disponibles, relacionadas con alteraciones del olfato y gusto producidas por SARS-CoV-2.  Método:  Se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica basada en el análisis documental, la sistematización y contrastación de la información científica realizada sobre el tema. Las búsquedas se realizaron en bases de datos disponibles (SciELO, Medline, Scopus, Medscape), con el buscador Google Académico.  Desarrollo:  La información se estructuró en aspectos morfofuncionales de los sistemas del olfato y el gusto; estructura y replicación del SARS-CoV-2; interacción del virus con el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, su afinidad por el receptor enzima convertidora; mecanismos fisiopatológicos de estas disfunciones.  Conclusiones: Aunque se describen las alteraciones del olfato y el gusto en pacientes con COVID-19, no están totalmente esclarecidos los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos relacionados con estas disfunciones quimiosensoriales. No obstante, su aparición en ausencia de otras enfermedades respiratorias, debe alertar al personal de salud sobre la posibilidad de infección por SARS-CoV-2.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Multiple scientific reports certified that disorders of taste and smell are more frequent since COVID-19 onset, reporting various pathophysiological mechanisms to explain these alterations.  Objective:  To methodize the available scientific evidence related to smell and taste disorders caused by SARS-CoV-2.  Method:  A bibliographic review, based on the documentary analyses, systematization and contrasting view of scientific information on the topic, was carried out. Search was conducted on available databases (SciELO, Medline, Scopus, Medscape), using the web search engine Academic Google.  Development:  Information gathered was performed based on taste and smell morphofunctional aspects; structure and replication of SARS-CoV-2; virus interaction with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its affinity for the converting enzyme receptor; pathophysiological mechanisms of these dysfunctions.  Conclusions:  Although alterations of smell and taste are described in patients with COVID-19, the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with these chemosensory dysfunctions are not totally clarified. However, the onset of these symptoms in absence of other respiratory illnesses should alert health care personnel concerning to a possible SARS-CoV-2 infection.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução:  Diversos relatos da literatura científica sustentam que os distúrbios do olfato e do paladar são cada vez mais frequentes desde o início da COVID-19, oferecendo vários mecanismos fisiopatológicos para explicar essas alterações.  Objetivo:  Sistematizar as evidências científicas disponíveis relacionadas às alterações de olfato e paladar produzidas pelo SARS-CoV-2.  Método:  Foi desenvolvida uma revisão bibliográfica a partir da análise documental, da sistematização e do contraste das informações científicas realizadas sobre o assunto. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados disponíveis (SciELO, Medline, Scopus, Medscape), com a ferramenta de busca Google Scholar.  Desenvolvimento:  A informação foi estruturada em aspectos morfofuncionais dos sistemas olfativo e gustativo; estrutura e replicação de SARS-CoV-2; interação do vírus com o sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, sua afinidade pelo receptor enzima conversora; mecanismos fisiopatológicos dessas disfunções.  Conclusões:  Embora as alterações do olfato e do paladar sejam descritas em pacientes com COVID-19, os mecanismos fisiopatogênicos relacionados a essas disfunções quimiossensoriais não estão totalmente esclarecidos. No entanto, seu aparecimento na ausência de outras doenças respiratórias deve alertar o pessoal de saúde para a possibilidade de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anosmia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disgeusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mecanismos fisiopatológicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anosmia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dysgeusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pathophysiological mechanisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[anosmia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[disgeusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mecanismos fisiopatológicos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable at origin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>579</volume>
<numero>7798</numero>
<issue>7798</issue>
<page-range>270-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>181-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: A meta analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1902-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud Pública</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parte de cierre del día 4 de febrero de 2021 a las 9:00 am.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[https://salud.msp.gob.cu/.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ON.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspectos clínicos de la Covid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Resp]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>25-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deiana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G de.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anosmia and ageusia: common findings in COVID-19 patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laryngoscope]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacto de la COVID-19 en Otorrinolaringología]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Otorrinol Cir Cabeza Cuello]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bender del]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PLC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disfunción olfatoria y COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waissbluth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anosmia y enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): ¿Qué debemos saber?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Otorrinol Cir Cabeza Cuello]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>247-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ENT UK]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fisiología Médica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<edition>23 ed</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill Companies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dovale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sentidos Químicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Morfofisiología II]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>2 ed</edition>
<page-range>129-35</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratado de Fisiología Médica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>13 ed.</edition>
<page-range>1686-700</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier España, S.L.U]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RLC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fisiopatología y Manifestaciones Clínicas SARS COVID (Covid 19)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FUNDACIÓN BENAIM]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>Número Especial</numero>
<issue>Número Especial</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>395</volume>
<numero>10224</numero>
<issue>10224</issue>
<page-range>565-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>185-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>367</volume>
<numero>6485</numero>
<issue>6485</issue>
<page-range>1444-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the putative receptor of Wuhan 2019-nCov]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bio Rxiv]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>202</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>756-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: A functional receptor for SARS coronavirus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell Mol Life Sci]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>2738-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Travanty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edeen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berglund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>742-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The spike protein of SARS-CoV -a target for vaccine and therapeutic development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>226-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[QD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -an update on the status]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mil Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>500</volume>
<page-range>227-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PAE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infección por SARS-CoV2, epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, inmunología: tratando de entender la enfermedad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RIUS]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>15-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JX]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>382</volume>
<page-range>1708-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashikawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>552-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giacomelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezzati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernacchia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oreni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>889-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turtle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Respiratory failure alone does not suggest central nervous system invasion by SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>705-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goizueta-San]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Afectación del sentido del olfato y el gusto en la enfermedad leve por coronavirus (COVID-19) en pacientes españoles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurología]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>633-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nemeth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz Matus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SRR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manifestaciones Orales de la Infección por COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Odontostomat]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>555-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>579</volume>
<page-range>270-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elbaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Ami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anosmia and dysgeusia in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Rxiv]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butowi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Bartheld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anosmia in COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Assessment of an Olfactory Route to Brain Infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroscientist]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>1073858420956905</numero>
<issue>1073858420956905</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[StAlbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacôte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ArGouilh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Behav Immun]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>579-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustentacular Cell Enwrapment of Olfactory Receptor Neuronal Dendrites: An Update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Genes (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquino-Canchari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La ageusia como posible síntoma de pacientes con COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Estomatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klopfenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadiane-Oussou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Royer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gen-drin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Features of anosmia in COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Mal Infect]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>436-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiesa-Estomba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Bon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>277</volume>
<page-range>2251-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Neurol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>683-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faraji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prajapati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Conde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of chemo-sensory dysfunction and COVID-19 in patients presenting with influenza-likesymptoms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Forum Allergy Rhinol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>806-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alobidd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pérdida del sentido del olfato durante la pandemia COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin (Barc)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>403-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
