<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1029-3019</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[MEDISAN]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[MEDISAN]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1029-3019</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1029-30192024000200012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspectos a considerar para el diagnóstico del queratocono infantil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aspects to consider for the diagnosis of infant keratoconus]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karyna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayea Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel Yulius]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zayas Ribalta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yaney]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aliuska]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Provincial Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciego de Ávila ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Marianao, La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1029-30192024000200012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1029-30192024000200012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1029-30192024000200012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Globalmente, existe un aumento de la prevalencia del queratocono y su diagnóstico en edades tempranas. Se notifican un gran número de casos subclínicos y otros con una rápida progresión, condicionada por el inicio precoz de la enfermedad y la asociación a factores de riesgo.  Objetivo:  Describir los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y el resultado de los medios de diagnóstico implicados en la detección precoz del queratocono infantil.  Desarrollo:  En niños con ametropía hay elementos que alertan la presencia de un queratocono como causa del defecto refractivo. Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico se encuentran: distribución geográfica, rol de la herencia y factores ambientales. Clínicamente se señalan los antecedentes de enfermedades, tales como las alergias, la presencia de miopía o astigmatismo miópico con inestabilidad refractiva y los signos clínicos relacionados con la progresión del cono. En los pacientes de riesgo es preciso realizar exámenes mediante diferentes medios de diagnóstico según su disponibilidad, siendo primordial el análisis refractivo, queratométrico y topográfico.  Conclusiones: En la evaluación de los niños con ametropía se deben tener en cuenta elementos epidemiológicos y clínicos que permiten sospechar y diagnosticar precozmente el queratocono. En la interpretación de los resultados de los medios de diagnóstico involucrados en su detección, se deben considerar los hallazgos más frecuentes en la población infantil según el grado de progresión de la ectasia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Globally, there is an increase of the keratoconus prevalence and its diagnosis in early ages. A great number of subclinical cases and others with a quick progression are notified, conditioned by the early onset of the disease and the association with risk factors.  Objective:  To describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects and the result of diagnostic means involved in the early detection of infant keratoconus.  Development:  There are elements that alert the presence of a keratoconus as a cause of the refractive defect in children with ametropia. From the epidemiologic point of view they are: geographical distribution, heredity role and environmental factors. History of previous diseases are clinically pointed out, such as allergies, myopia or myopic astigmatism with refractive instability and the clinical signs related to cone progression. In risk patients it is necessary to carry out exams by means of different diagnostic means according to their availability, being essential the refractive, keratometric and topographic analysis.  Conclusions:  In the evaluation of children with ametropia, epidemiological and clinical elements should be taken into account that allow to suspect and early diagnose the keratoconus. In the interpretation of results of the diagnostic means involved in their detection the most frequent findings in the infant population, should be considered according to the ectasia degree of progression.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[queratocono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[astigmatismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[miopía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[errores de refracción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[topografía de la córnea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[keratoconus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[astigmatism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[myopia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[refractive errors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corneal topography]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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