<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1561-2953</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Endocrinología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Endocrinol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1561-2953</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1561-29532022000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El desafío para el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central en la reproducción humana asociada con la diabetes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The challenge for the development of the central nervous system in human reproduction associated with diabetes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clapes Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FernándezRomero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tammy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas &#8220;Victoria de Girón&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1561-29532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1561-29532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1561-29532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Los hijos de madres con diabetes presentan una mayor incidencia de trastornos del neurodesarrollo como autismo, actividad cognitiva baja, déficit de atención, esquizofrenia y otras enfermedades del espectro autista.  Objetivo:  Explicar los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen en la aparición de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en hijos de gestantes con diabetes.  Métodos:  Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura que aparece en las bases de datos electrónicas Google, MEDLINE/PubMed y SciELO. Se revisaron artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2020. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: hiperglucemia, neurodesarrollo, malformaciones congénitas y epigenética.  Resultados:  Se pone de manifiesto el alto riesgo que representa la hiperglucemia durante el desarrollo intrauterino. El riesgo relativo que tienen los hijos de madres con diabetes pregestacional de presentar malformaciones del sistema nerviosos central es 15,5 veces mayor que en gestantes sin diabetes. El hipocampo es especialmente sensible a cambios en los niveles de glucosa. La diabetes materna puede dejar una impronta negativa para la capacidad de procesar información, adquirir habilidades y poseer un comportamiento social adecuado en la descendencia.  Conclusiones:  Las alteraciones en el metabolismo condicionadas por la hiperglucemia, el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación de bajo grado y las modificaciones epigenéticas crean un fatal engranaje que sustenta el desarrollo anómalo en hijos de gestantes con diabetes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Children, whose mothers suffer from diabetes, have higher incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, low cognitive activity, attention deficit, schizophrenia and other autism spectrum diseases.  Objective:  To explain the molecular mechanisms that underlie the appearance of neurodevelopmental disorders in children of pregnant women with diabetes.  Methods:  A review of the literature that appears in Google, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO electronic databases, was carried out. Articles published from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed. The keywords used were hyperglycemia, neurodevelopment, congenital malformations, and epigenetics.  Results:  The high risk that hyperglycemia represents during intrauterine development is highlighted. The relative risk that children of mothers with pregestational diabetes have of presenting malformations of the central nervous system is 15.5 times higher than in pregnant women without diabetes. The hippocampus is especially sensitive to changes in glucose levels. Maternal diabetes can leave negative print on the ability to process information, acquire skills and have appropriate social behavior in their children.  Conclusions: Alterations in metabolism conditioned by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and epigenetic modifications create a fatal mechanism that supports abnormal development in children of pregnant women with diabetes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[embarazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neurodesarrollo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epigenética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pregnancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neurodevelopment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epigenetics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<surname><![CDATA[Mohammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epigenetic modifications in diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metabolism]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>126</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
