<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1608-8921</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta Médica Espirituana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac Méd Espirit]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1608-8921</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1608-89212021000200123</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Complicaciones de la derivación ventriculoperitoneal en pacientes pediátricos. Revisión del tema]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Topic review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Téllez Isla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rogers]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosquera Betancourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gretel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Camagüey ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>123</fpage>
<lpage>139</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1608-89212021000200123&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1608-89212021000200123&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1608-89212021000200123&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Fundamento: La hidrocefalia es un desorden pediátrico frecuente y la colocación de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal es la técnica quirúrgica más usada para su tratamiento. La incidencia de las complicaciones en pacientes pediátricos es un problema frecuente que aumenta la morbilidad y mortalidad.  Objetivo:  Sistematizar y actualizar los conocimientos relacionados con las complicaciones ventriculoperitoneal es en edad pediátrica.  Desarrollo:  Las complicaciones asociadas a la derivación ventriculoperitoneal son frecuentes y se pueden dividir en tres grupos: mecánicas, infecciosas y funcionales relacionadas con el drenaje anómalo del líquido cefalorraquídeo, bien por defecto o por exceso. Dentro de las mecánicas, la obstrucción tiene la mayor incidencia seguida de las desconexiones y roturas por adherencias y por las calcificaciones que se forman en el trayecto subcutáneo a lo largo del tiempo. Las obstrucciones tardías predominan en el extremo distal y son motivo frecuente de reintervenciones. Las infecciones del sistema resultan las complicaciones más graves y complejas de tratar acompañándose de una alta mortalidad. Se pueden presentar de forma aguda, subaguda y de manera tardía. Se han identificado diferentes factores que pueden aumentar la incidencia de complicaciones, algunos relacionados con el tipo de válvula y la causa de la hidrocefalia.  Conclusiones:  Las derivaciones del líquido cefalorraquídeo han sido durante mucho tiempo el tratamiento clásico de la hidrocefalia pediátrica, al poder resolver casi todas sus formas independientemente de la causa. La clave del éxito para evitar las complicaciones está en una adecuada valoración preoperatoria y una rigurosa técnica quirúrgica y garantizar las medidas para la prevención de las infecciones.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background:  Hydrocephalus is a common pediatric disorder and ventriculoperitoneal shunting is the most commonly surgical technique used for its treatment. The prevalence of pediatric complications is a frequent problem that increases morbidity and mortality.  Objective:  To systematize and update knowledge on pediatric ventriculoperitoneal complications.  Development: Complications associated to ventriculoperitoneal shunting are frequent and can be divided into three groups: mechanical, infectious and functional related to inconsistent drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, either by defect or excess. Within mechanical complications, obstruction has the highest incidence followed by disconnections and ruptures due to adhesions and calcifications formed in the subcutaneous tract over time. Late obstructions predominate in the distal end being a frequent cause of reinterventions. Infections of the system are the most serious and complex complications to treat and are accompanied by high mortality. They can be acute, subacute and late. Unlike identified factors may increase the incidence of complications, some related to the type of valve and the cause of hydrocephalus.  Conclusions:  Cerebrospinal fluid shunts have been long the classic treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus, able to solve almost all of its different forms regardless of the cause. The key to success in avoiding complications lies in an adequate preoperative assessment and a rigorous surgical technique also endorsing infection prevention measures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hidrocefalia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derivación ventriculoperitoneal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[complicaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydrocephalus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ventriculoperitoneal shunt]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[complications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<source><![CDATA[World Neurosurg X]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
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</article>
