<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1684-1824</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Médica Electrónica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.Med.Electrón.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1684-1824</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1684-18242022000100247</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Neumomediastino espontáneo. Reporte de un caso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spontaneouspneumomediastinum. Case report]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidaillet-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osmar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco-Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yurisma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Marrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yiliany]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidaillet-Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arletis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Docente Iluminado Rodríguez Rodríguez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Matanzas]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Policlínico Docente Comunitario Celia Sánchez Manduley  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Matanzas]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>258</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1684-18242022000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1684-18242022000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1684-18242022000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El neumomediastino espontáneo se caracteriza por la presencia de aire en el mediastino. Es una enfermedad generalmente benigna, que evoluciona de forma satisfactoria entre 2 y 15 días, no asociada a causa directa conocida. Es infrecuente en la tercera edad. Se presenta principalmente con dolor torácico, disnea y enfisema subcutáneo. El diagnóstico se realiza sobre la base del cuadro clínico, la radiografía de tórax y la tomografía axial computarizada de tórax, siendo esta última importante, además, para establecer el diagnóstico diferencial con el síndrome de Boerhaave de manera oportuna. Se presentó el caso de un paciente masculino de 67 años de edad, fumador con antecedente de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, que acude al cuerpo de guardia por dolor torácico, disnea y enfisema subcutáneo después de un episodio de tos intensa. Se le realizaron radiografías de tórax posteroanterior y lateral, en las que se observan la presencia de aire en el mediastino, se descartan otras enfermedades agudas, y se corrobora el diagnóstico de neumomediastino mediante tomografía axial computarizada de tórax. Recibió tratamiento con oxígeno, broncodilatadores, esteroides y antibióticoterapia, obteniéndose una mejoría evidente. La literatura reporta que no es habitual la presencia de este cuadro en pacientes de la tercera edad, y que debe sospecharse en aquellos que presenten una exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, fundamentalmente después de un episodio de tos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[  ABSTRACT  The spontaneous pneumomediastinum is characterized by the air presence in the mediastinum. It is a generally benign disease which evolves in a satisfactory way between 2 and 15 days, that is not associated to any directly known cause. It is infrequent in the old age. It mainly presents with chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Diagnosis realizes on the base of clinical characteristics, thorax radiography and thorax axial computed tomography, being the last one also important to establish the differential diagnosis with Boerhaave syndrome in an opportune way. The case presented is the case of a male patient aged 67 years, who smokes and has antecedents of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He assisted to the consultation due to thoracic pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema after an episode of intense cough. Posteroanterior and lateral thorax radiography were done, finding air presence in the mediastinum; other acute diseases were discarded and the diagnosis of pneumomediastinum was corroborated through thorax computed tomography scan. He was treated with oxygen, bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics therapy, obtaining an evident improvement. The literature reports that the presence of these characteristics in old-aged patients is not common and that it must be suspected in those presenting an aggravation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mainly after a cough episode.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neumomediastino espontáneo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tercera edad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfisema subcutáneo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spontaneous pneumomediastinum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[old age]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subcutaneous emphysema]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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