<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1726-6718</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev cuba anestesiol reanim]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1726-6718</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1726-67182022000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia espinal con bupivacaína más morfina en cirugía de urgencia de fractura intertrocantérica de cadera]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine plus morphine in urgent intertrochanteric hip fracture surgery]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omaña Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soria Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reynier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felipe Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merencio Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niumila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico &#8220;Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Matanzas]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas Hospital General Docente: Julio M. Aristegui Villamil ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Matanzas]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médica Holguín Policlínico Universitario &#8220;26 de Julio&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Holguín]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1726-67182022000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1726-67182022000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1726-67182022000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La fractura de cadera en el anciano es una entidad frecuente y tiene gran incidencia en el mundo y en Cuba por el envejecimiento.  Objetivo:  Evaluar la eficacia de la anestesia espinal con bupivacaína más morfina en la cirugía de fractura intertrocantérica de cadera.  Métodos:  Se realizó un estudio clínico, experimental, no aleatorizado, prospectivo y de corte longitudinal en el Hospital Universitario &#8220;Faustino Pérez Hernández&#8221; de Matanzas de octubre de 2017 a octubre de 2019. El universo estuvo conformado por todos los pacientes quirúrgicos con fractura de cadera del hospital. La muestra se realizó por muestreo intencional, por 120 pacientes elegidos a criterio de los investigadores. Grupo control (B): Anestesia subaracnoidea con bupivacaína 0,5 % 10 mg. Grupo estudio (M): Anestesia subaracnoidea con bupivacaína 0,5 % 7 mg más 0,2 mg de morfina. Cada grupo estuvo integrado por 60 pacientes. Las variables analizadas fueron las siguientes: grupos de edades, género, estado físico, nivel de punción, tiempo de inicio del bloqueo motor, hipotensión arterial, uso de vasopresores y complicaciones secundarias a la técnica anestésica.  Resultados:  Predominó grupo de 84 y 90 años, género femenino y ASA III. La punción lumbar se realizó entre L3-L4. El tiempo de inicio del bloqueo motor fue 1,3 veces menor en el grupo M. Prevaleció la hipotensión arterial en el grupo B; y uso de vasopresores en ambos grupos. Predominó el prurito, grupo M, y la bradicardia, grupo B como complicaciones.  Conclusiones:  La asociación bupivacaína/morfina en anestesia espinal en adulto mayor para fractura de cadera proporciona mejores resultados sin complicaciones mayores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Hip fracture in the elderly patient is a frequent entity with a high incidence worldwide and in Cuba due to aging.  Objective:  To assess the efficacy of spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine plus morphine in intertrochanteric hip fracture surgery.  Methods:  A clinical, experimental, nonrandomized, prospective, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out in Faustino Pérez Hernández University Hospital of Matanzas, from October 2017 to October 2019. The universe consisted of all surgical patients with hip fracture attended in the hospital. The sample was made by purposive sampling, consisting of 120 patients chosen at the discretion of the researchers. The control group (B) was administered subarachnoid anesthesia with 10 mg of bupivacaine 0.5 %. The study group (M) was administered subarachnoid anesthesia with 7 mg of bupivacaine 0.5 % plus 0.2 mg of morphine. Each group consisted of 60 patients. The following variables were analyzed: age groups, gender, physical condition, puncture level, motor block onset time, arterial hypotension, use of vasopressors, and complications secondary to the anesthetic technique.  Results:  The predominant age group was 84 and 90 years old, together with female gender and ASA III. Lumbar puncture was performed between L3 and L4. The motor block onset time was 1.3 times shorter in the M group. Arterial hypotension prevailed in the B group; apart from the use of vasopressors in both groups. As complications, there was a predominance of pruritus in the M group and bradycardia in the B group.  Conclusions:  The association bupivacaine/morphine in spinal anesthesia for hip fracture among elderly adults provides better outcomes without major complications.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anciano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fractura de cadera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anestesia raquídea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bupivacaína]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elderly]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hip fracture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spinal anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bupivacaine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[morphine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kronborg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physical activity in the acute Ward follwing hip fracture surgery is associated wihtlesss fear of falling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Aging Phys Act]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>525-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetherell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petkus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fear of falling after hip fracture Prevalence course, and relationship with one year functional recovery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Geriat Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1228-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Atención al adulto mayor]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Sintes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina General Integral. Salud y medicina]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayoral Barrena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Influencia de las escalas de valoración como valor predictivo en la recuperación de pacientes con fractura osteoporótica de cadera]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Zaragoza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban Vado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratamiento de la fractura de cuello de fémur sin desplazar en pacientes ancianos: osteosíntesis o artroplastia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del país Vasco Donostia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuotio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luukkaala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors assciated with changes in mobility and living arrangements in a comprehensive geriatric outpatient assessement after hip fracture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Disabil Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1125-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariza Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olmedo Requena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Moleon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of cognitive impairment on mobility recovery of patients with hip fracture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Phys Med Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaragoza Lemus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consideraciones anestésicas en cirugía de cadera traumática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Mexicana Anestesiología]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>155-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo Proaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos Acost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anestesia para paciente geriátrico sometido a artroplastia de cadera Revista de ciencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tecnología e innovación]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>392-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabarique Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussán Crosby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anestesia epidural para artrodesis e instrumentación de columna lumbar por vía posterior en paciente con tromboastenia de glanzmann - informe de caso y revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Colomb. Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>149-254</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Grau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachoco Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arregui Martínez de Lejarsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparación de la respuesta hemodinámica en la anestesia subaracnoidea con Bupivacaína frente a Bupivacaína con fentanyl en cirugía traumatología en ancianos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Española Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Monzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yero Arniella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Águila Tejeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resultados de la atención continuada en el tratamiento de la fractura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MedSur]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1727 1730</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeiro Casado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murguecia Sarracen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fabre de arma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combinación de Bupivacaína hiperbárica y fentanyl como anestesia espinal en pacientes con fractura de cadera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MEDISAN]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>250-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bathari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhalotra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomiszed trial to compare the effect of addition of clonidine of fentanyl to hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anastheia for knee arthroscopy a randomiosed trial to compare the effect of addition of clonidine or fentanyl to hyperbaric ropivacaine for South African]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>138-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mushtaq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine in lower limb and hip surgery A comparision with hyperbaric bupivacaine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>466-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rego Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Seurat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreu Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Lahera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores asociados a la fractura de cadera en el hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Salvador Allende"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>155-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bathari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhalotra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomiszed trial to compare the effect of addition of clonidine of fentanyl to hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anastheia for knee arthroscopy a randomiosed trial to compare the effect of addition of clonidine or fentanyl to hyperbaric ropivacaine for South African]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>138-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazmiño Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroza Uzhca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Características de la artroplastia total de cadera por fractura en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga de la Ciudad de Cuenca, Enero 2012 - Diciembre 2016]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Cuenca]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourabbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vosoughi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does mobility of the elderly with hip fractures improve at one year following surgery A 5- year prospective Survery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ortop Traumatol Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>311-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrazuelta-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Envejecimiento y enfermedades cardiovasculares ANALES RANM]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España; An RANM]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<numero>03</numero>
<issue>03</issue>
<page-range>266-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeiro Casado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[J, Murguecia Sarracen K, Fabre de arma U Combinación de Bupivacaína hiperbárica y fentanyl como anestesia espinal en pacientes con fractura de cadera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MEDISAN]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>250-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Barzaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojeda González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anestesia neuroaxial raquianestesia y peridural]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila Cabo de Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anestesiología Clínica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>178-213</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
