<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1727-897X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[MediSur]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medisur]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1727-897X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, Centro Provincial de Ciencias Médicas, Provincia de Cienfuegos.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1727-897X2019000400552</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tratamiento del dolor en el paciente oncológico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Treatment of pain in oncological patients]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Juvier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoselyn Lázara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yannarys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lázaro Abilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga Lidia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Dirección Provincial de Salud  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cienfuegos Cienfuegos]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara Villa Clara]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cienfuegos Cienfuegos]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>552</fpage>
<lpage>561</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1727-897X2019000400552&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1727-897X2019000400552&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1727-897X2019000400552&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El dolor oncológico no controlado es uno de los síntomas que afectan de forma negativa la salud física y psicológica de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer. Sin dudas, representa una situación especialmente dramática. Existe evidencia sobre los beneficios del control del dolor en estos pacientes; para lograrlos, es preciso valorar las causas, localización, intensidad y duración del dolor antes y durante el tratamiento. Se plantean diferentes formas de medir la intensidad del dolor, y la escala visual analógica es una de las más comunes, además de ser la más utilizada internacionalmente respecto al resto de las escalas unidimensionales. La Organización Mundial de la Salud propone el uso de la escalera analgésica de forma pautada, con la correspondiente titulación de la necesidad de analgésicos, así como de los tratamientos coadyuvantes necesarios. Estandarizar correctamente los tratamientos y evaluar su respuesta, es imprescindible para el control del dolor. La presente revisión bibliográfica se propone un acercamiento a las directrices internacionales en el abordaje terapéutico de esta entidad, y con ello, ofrecer una actualización del tema.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Uncontrolled oncological pain is one of the symptoms that negatively affect the physical and psychological health of patients diagnosed with cancer. Undoubtedly, it represents a particularly dramatic situation. There is evidence about pain control benefits of in these patients; to achieve them, it is necessary to assess the causes, location, intensity and duration of pain before and during treatment. Different ways of measuring pain intensity are proposed, and the analog visual scale is one of the most common, in addition to being the most used internationally with respect to the rest of the single-dimensional scales. The World Health Organization proposes the use of the analgesic ladder in a prescribed manner, with the corresponding titration of the analgesic need, as well as the necessary coadjutant treatments. Standardizing treatments correctly and evaluating their response, is essential for pain control. The present bibliographic review proposes an overlook to the international guidelines in the therapeutic approach of this condition, and with it, it offers an update on the topic.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolor en cáncer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[analgésicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escala visual analógica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neoplasias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cancer pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analgesics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[visual analog scale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analgesic ladder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neoplasms]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Calidad de vida y adherencia al tratamiento de personas con enfermedad crónica oncológica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dolor agudo o episódico por cáncer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cuba Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guardia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía consenso para el buen uso de los analgésicos opioides]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociodrogalcohol]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duthey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption at country, global, and regional levels in 2010, its relationship with development level, and changes compared with 2006]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Symptom Manage]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>283-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisenchlas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radbruch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torode]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chermy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NI.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formulary availability and regulatory barriers to accessibility of opioids for cancer pain in Latin America and the Caribbean: a report from the Global Opioid Policy Initiative (GOPI)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>^s11</numero>
<issue>^s11</issue>
<supplement>11</supplement>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahumada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bistre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Latin-American guidelines for cancer pain managemen]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Manag]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badovinac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strasser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[St Louis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Planning cancer control in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>391-436</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>American Cancer Society</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Datos y Estadísticas sobre el Cáncer entre los Hispanos/Latinos 2015-2017]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Atlanta ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Cancer Society]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Beneficios y efectos adversos del tratamiento con opioides en el dolor por cáncer]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Jaén]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>International Association for the Study of Pain</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Declaration of Montréal 2010]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IASP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larramendi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Futiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intensidad del dolor en pacientes con cáncer según etapas clínicas en el municipio de Manzanillo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MEDISAN]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moyano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del consumo de opiáceos en Colombia desde dos perspectivas diferentes]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo del dolor en el cáncer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Clin Condes]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Generalidades del dolor oncológico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Electrónica Dr. Zoilo E. Marinello Vidaurreta]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unpleasant subjective emotional experiencing of pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Palliat Care]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>12-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Tratamiento del dolor oncológico en adultos. Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección Nacional de Normatización]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CCO's Symptom Management</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pocket Guides: Pain]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ontario ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nersesyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KV.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current aproach to cancer pain management: Availability and implications of different treatment options]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Clin Risk Manag]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiología del dolor por cáncer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Soc Esp Dolor]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ripamonti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maranzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of cancer pain: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>^s7</numero>
<issue>^s7</issue>
<supplement>7</supplement>
<page-range>vii139- 54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento farmacológico del dolor en pacientes con cáncer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Médica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>National Clinical Effectiveness Committee</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacological Management of Cancer Pain in Adults. National Clinical Guideline No. 9]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dublin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Clinical Effectiveness Committee]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo del dolor crónico en Atención Primaria. Perfil de prescripción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Soc Esp Dolor]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Terapia analgésica en el dolor oncológico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Anestesiología]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majumdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kundu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukherjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intravenous paracetamol infusion: Superior pain management and earlier discharge from hospital in patients undergoing palliative head-neck cancer surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspect Clin Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazacu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogosan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loghin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety issues of current analgesics: an update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clujul Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cancer induced bone pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br Med J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<page-range>315</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casals]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calsina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lidocaine 5 % patches as an effective short-term co-analgesic in cancer pain. Preliminary results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Support Care Cancer]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3153-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zgaia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irimie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandesc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisencu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogobete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of ketamine in the treatment of chronic cancer pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clujul Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>457-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>312</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>182-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trescot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Datta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opioid Pharmacology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain Physician]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>S133-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Straube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strassels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Mas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauro Placido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Terapéutica: Tratamiento del dolor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Formación continuada para farmacéuticos de hospital]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Barcelona]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>The National Comprehensive Cancer Network</collab>
<source><![CDATA[NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines (r)). Adult cancer pain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NCCN]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ripamonti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sichetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fanizza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized trial of low-dose morphine versus weak opioids in moderate cancer pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>436-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Formulario Nacional de Medicamentos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ecimed]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Good]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afsharimani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Movva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haywood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Therapeutic challenges in cancer pain management: a systematic review of methadone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>197-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fentanilo transdérmico para el dolor por cáncer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt-Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bromham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilgart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxycodone for cancer related pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability of buprenorphine for the relief of cancer pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Springerplus]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raffa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haidery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalladeen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lockstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The clinical analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Pharm Ther]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>577-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wermeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of naloxone safety for opioid overdose: practical considerations for new technology and expanded public access]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Adv Drug Saf]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>20-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portenoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principles of Opioid Use in Cancer Pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>1662-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
