<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1729-519X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev haban cienc méd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1729-519X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1729-519X2019000100060</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hábitos de prescripción y conocimientos sobre analgésicos opioides en profesionales de la Pediatría]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prescription habits and knowledge of opioid analgesics in Pediatric Health Professionals]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nuvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Mato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antón Lolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Facultad de Ciencias Médicas &#8220;Salvador Allende&#8221; Departamento de Clínicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>60</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1729-519X2019000100060&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1729-519X2019000100060&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1729-519X2019000100060&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: El dolor es uno de los síntomas que más sufrimiento produce en cualquier enfermedad y constituye un problema básico de salud en todo el mundo, con frecuencia infra tratado, sobre todo en el área de la Pediatría, con especial déficit en la prescripción de analgésicos opioides.  Objetivo: Caracterizar los conocimientos sobre analgésicos opioides y su prescripción por profesionales de la Pediatría.  Material y Métodos:  Se aplicó un cuestionario construido ad hoc y validado por el método Delphi, a 43 profesionales de la pediatría de tres Hospitales de la provincia La Habana durante el periodo comprendido entre marzo 2017 a marzo 2018.  Resultados:  Los conocimientos sobre Farmacología de los analgésicos opioides fueron insuficientes en un 81,3%, regular en un 13% y buenos en el 5,7%. Las barreras en la prescripción de opioides más frecuentes fueron el temor a la depresión respiratoria (71,9%), la escasez de opioides en el Cuadro Básico de Medicamentos (56,3%) y el temor a la dependencia (36,3%). Se prescriben opioides sólo en el 39,5% de los casos, la codeína y el tramadol son los más frecuentemente prescritos. En el 55,8% de los participantes la formación y superación en analgesia fue insuficiente, en el 28% regular y solo en el 16,2% se consideró buena.  Conclusiones:  Los conocimientos farmacológicos deficientes relativos a los opioides y la baja disponibilidad de estos fármacos son los factores que más influyen en el manejo deficiente del dolor en Pediatría.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Pain is one of the symptoms that causes more suffering in any disease. It also constitutes a basic health problem all over the world, which is frequently under-diagnosed mostly in the area of Pediatrics with a special deficit in the prescription of opioid analgesics.  Objective:  To characterize the knowledge of opioid analgesics and their prescription made by pediatric health professionals.  Material and Method:  An ad hoc questionnaire, which was validated by the Delphi Method, was applied to 43 pediatricians of three Hospitals in Havana province from March 2017 to March 2018.  Results: The knowledge of the pharmacology of opioid analgesics was insufficient in 81.3 %, regular in 13 %, and good in 5,7 %. The most frequent barriers in the prescription of opioids were the fear to respiratory depression (71,9%), scarcity of opioids in the Basic Drugs Chart (56,3%), and the fear to addiction (36,3%). Opioids are prescribed only in 39,5% of the cases, being codeine and tramadol the ones that are more frequently prescribed. In 55.8 % of the inquired cases, the formation and updating in analgesia was insufficient, in 28% it was fairly good, and only in 16.2 % it was considered good.  Conclusions:  The insufficient pharmacologic knowledge of opioids and the poor availability of these drugs are the factors that most influence on the inadequate management of pain in Pediatrics in our study.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[analgésicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[opioides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prescripción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[opiofobia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analgesic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[opioids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prescription]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[opiophobia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>The American Pain Society</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain Assessment and Treatment in the Managed Care Environment. A Position Statement from the American Pain Society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Case Manager]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collado Collado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Quintosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya Riera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El alivio del dolor: un derecho humano universal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<month> O</month>
<day>ct</day>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>224-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Boletín INFAC</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opioides en el manejo del dolor. El difícil equilibrio entre la opiofobia y la opiofilia. Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín INFAC]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>The Lancet Oncology</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Access to opioids: a balance of harms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet Oncology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawidowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tedeschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Muria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bujembaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El dolor alarma y el dolor como carga]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Evid. actual práct ambul]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>130-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maixé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creencias y actitudes de los pediatras sobre el dolor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización Mundial de la Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directrices de la OMS sobre el tratamiento farmacológico del dolor persistente en niños con enfermedades médicas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Directrices. Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OMS, Biblioteca de la OMS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Drug Safety Podcast</collab>
<source><![CDATA[FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA requires labeling changes for prescription opioid cough and cold medicines to limit their use to adults 18 years and older]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Food and Drug Admnistration</collab>
<source><![CDATA[FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children; recommends against use in breastfeeding women]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Safety Announcement. Maryland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Food and Drug Administration, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analgesic drugs]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RANG AND DALE&#8217;S Pharmacology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>8</edition>
<page-range>515-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Churchill Livinstone]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bárcena Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo del dolor pediátrico en el centro de salud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<month> J</month>
<day>un</day>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>^s23</numero>
<issue>^s23</issue>
<supplement>23</supplement>
<page-range>37-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alerm González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Progresar en la calidad de vida del niño con dolor, legítima aspiración humanitaria del niño como persona con plenos derechos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<month> D</month>
<day>ic</day>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>399-403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Notejane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Pera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernadá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conocimientos relativos al abordaje del dolor en niños. Encuesta a posgrados y residentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Pediatr Urug]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>323-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malmierca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapatero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opiniones y actitudes del personal sanitario hacia los sistemas de evaluación y tratamiento del dolor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Pediatría]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>95-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Bermúdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo no adecuado del dolor por cáncer en Costa Rica: ¿un problema de formación académica?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>59-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barth KS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guille C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCauley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brady KT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Targeting practitioners: A review of guidelines, training, and policy in pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Alcohol Depend]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>S22-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernadá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comentario sobre: Directrices de la OMS sobre el tratamiento farmacológico del dolor persistente en niños con enfermedades médicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch. Pediatr. Urug]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>143-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Moscoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Mediano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Milena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gea-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo del dolor crónico en Atención Primaria, perfil de prescripción de opiáceos mayores: indicación, coste y efectos secundarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>197-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Píriz Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estragó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pattarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dolor oncológico: un problema no resuelto. Encuesta a médicos residentes del Hospital Maciel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Méd. Urug]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<month> M</month>
<day>ar</day>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>32-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sethna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Tilburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MAL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zernikow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opioids for chronic non&#8208;cancer pain in children and adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leighton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Organisation for the Prevention of Intense Suffering. OPIS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La morfina como derecho humano. Expertos en la ONU reclaman mejorar el acceso a tratamientos para el dolor severo]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Suiza ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González María]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentelsaz Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Casbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herreros López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de Práctica Clínica para el manejo del dolor en niños con cáncer]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>1</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Existen argumentos para combinar un opioide con otro opioide?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>121-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aliaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combinación de opioides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<month> J</month>
<day>un</day>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>159-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MÁ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flórez Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Córdoba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Opioides en la práctica médica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana para el Estudio del Dolor (ACED)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copits]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pullen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spotlight on pain: optogenetic approaches for interrogating somato sensory circuits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2424-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haegerich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>315</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>1624-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>MINSAP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Nacional de Medicamentos. Cuadro Básico de Medicamentos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volkow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Science in Addressing the Opioid Crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New England Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>377</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>391-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Dirección de Medicamentos y Tecnologías Médicas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Nacional de Medicamentos VI versión]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Justicia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta Oficial. Código Penal]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Justicia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
