<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1729-519X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev haban cienc méd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1729-519X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1729-519X2023000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Primer estudio clínico-genético de la discapacidad intelectual en la República Popular de Angola]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[First clinical genetic study of intellectual disability in the People's Republic of Angola]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lardoeyt Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bragança]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria do Rosário]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quilezi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanilson de Oliveira Porto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanjulo da Rocha Quilezi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bárbara Tchissola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teca Nuno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicelma Mateus Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candimba Sebastião]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albertino]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Katyavala Bwila Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Benguela]]></addr-line>
<country>Angola</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General de Benguela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Benguela]]></addr-line>
<country>Angola</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Municipal de Bocoio  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Benguela]]></addr-line>
<country>Angola</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior Politécnico Alvorecere da Juventude (ISPAJ)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Luanda]]></addr-line>
<country>Angola</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1729-519X2023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1729-519X2023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1729-519X2023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: La Asociación Americana de Retraso Mental caracteriza la discapacidad intelectual por limitaciones significativas en el funcionamiento intelectual y la conducta adaptativa (habilidades prácticas, sociales y conceptuales), que se inicia antes de los 18 años de edad.  Objetivo: Caracterizar las causas de la discapacidad intelectual en una muestra de niños institucionalizados en la Escuela Especial de Benguela, en la República Popular de Angola.  Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal prospectivo a una población de 139 escolares con discapacidad intelectual. Se aplicó la clasificación etiopatogénica de Guvtavson para definir la causa.  Resultados: La etiología prenatal fue la más frecuente (45,3 %), seguido de la posnatal (29,5 %) y la perinatal (18,0 %). La ambiental (20,9 %) fue la que más predominó en la categoría prenatal, destacándose el consumo de alcohol (8,6 %). En la etapa perinatal, la hipoxia al nacer (5,0 %) se destacó. La posnatal, la malaria cerebral (15,1 %) fue la primera causa, y es además la tercera más predominante entre todas las categorías. El 80 % de los casos estudiados tenían al menos un familiar con la misma discapacidad. El 68,4 % tuvieron una causa ambiental, siendo totalmente prevenibles.  Conclusiones: El estudio corroboró que las noxas que operan en la etapa prenatal inciden en la aparición de la discapacidad intelectual, y se distingue por posicionar a las causas posnatales; en segundo lugar, por la malaria cerebral. Los factores de naturaleza ambiental que operan, tanto en la etapa prenatal como posnatal son los que más inciden y son prevenibles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: The American Association on Mental Retardation characterizes intellectual disability as significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior (practical, social, and conceptual skills), beginning before the age of 18.  Objective: To characterize the causes of intellectual disability in a sample of institutionalized children at the Special School in Benguela in the People's Republic of Angola.  Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on a population of 139 schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. Guvtavson etiopathogenic classification was applied to define the cause.  Results: Prenatal etiology was the most frequent (45.3%), followed by postnatal (29.5%) and perinatal ones (18.0%). Environmental etiology (20.9%) was the most prevalent in the prenatal category, highlighting alcohol consumption (8.6%). In the perinatal stage, hypoxia at birth (5.0%) stood out. In the postnatal stage, cerebral malaria (15.1%) was the first cause, being also the third most predominant among all categories. In addition, 80% of the cases studied had at least one relative with the same disability. In summary, 68.4% of the cases had an environmental cause, being totally preventable.  Conclusions: The study corroborated that the noxas that operate in the prenatal stage affect the appearance of intellectual disability and is distinguished by positioning postnatal causes; cerebral malaria in second place. The factors of an environmental nature that operate both in the prenatal and postnatal stages are most influencing, but preventable.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Discapacidad intelectual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[retraso mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genética/discapacidad intelectual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[etiología/discapacidad intelectual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[causas/retraso mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intellectual disability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mental retardation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetics/intellectual disability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[etiology/intellectual disability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[causes/mental retardation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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