<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1996-2452</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Podium. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Podium]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1996-2452</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1996-24522022000301281</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Historia del dopaje en el beisbol mundial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[História do doping no beisebol mundial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[History of doping in world baseball]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Oliva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Medicina Deportiva  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Medicina del Deporte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1281</fpage>
<lpage>1296</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1996-24522022000301281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1996-24522022000301281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1996-24522022000301281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  El béisbol ha estado constantemente bajo la amenaza del dopaje, y actualmente existen criterios emitidos por algunos expertos que sugieren la posibilidad de que muchos éxitos alcanzados por famosos beisbolistas que en nuestros días aparecen como las principales grandes estrellas de este deporte en el salón de la fama, hayan estado relacionados con el consumo de sustancias prohibidas.  Objetivo:  El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar los datos publicados en la bibliografía mundial especializada que revelan cómo el dopaje, así como otras formas de fraudes, han afectado al beisbol tanto en las categorías de mayores como en las menores.  Materiales y métodos:  El presente trabajo de revisión bibliográfica se realiza como una sugerencia de aficionados al béisbol y la prensa deportiva interesada en conocer cómo ha influido el problema del dopaje y el uso de sustancias prohibidas en este deporte desde sus orígenes.  Resultados:  Actualmente, se realizan pruebas para el control antidopaje a los jugadores aficionados y profesionales de las ligas de este deporte en todo el mundo. Las pruebas, medidas y sanciones que se aplican se ajustan a las prohibiciones y estándares emitidas por la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje y el Código Mundial Antidopaje. Las sustancias utilizadas con mayor frecuencia han sido los esteroides anabólicos, estimulantes, hormona de crecimiento y narcóticos.  Conclusiones:  una vez concluida la etapa competitiva y con el paso al retiro, muchos beisbolistas se inician en el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas que afectan de manera significativa su salud y calidad de vida.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[SÍNTESE  Introdução:  O beisebol tem estado constantemente sob a ameaça do doping, e agora há algumas opiniões de especialistas sugerindo a possibilidade de que muitos sucessos alcançados por jogadores famosos de beisebol que hoje aparecem como as maiores estrelas do esporte podem ter sido relacionados ao uso de substâncias proibidas.  Objetivo:  O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar os dados publicados na literatura mundial especializada que revelam como o doping, assim como outras formas de fraude, afetaram o beisebol tanto no nível sênior quanto no júnior.  Materiais e métodos:  Esta revisão de literatura foi realizada por sugestão dos fãs de beisebol e da imprensa esportiva interessada em descobrir como o problema do doping e do uso de substâncias proibidas tem afetado este esporte desde suas origens.  Resultados:  Atualmente, jogadores amadores e profissionais das ligas de beisebol em todo o mundo são testados para o controle do doping. Os testes, medidas e sanções aplicadas estão de acordo com as proibições e normas emitidas pela Agência Mundial Antidoping e o Código Mundial Antidoping. As substâncias mais utilizadas têm sido esteróides anabolizantes, estimulantes, hormônios de crescimento e narcóticos.  Conclusões:  uma vez terminada a fase competitiva e com a transição para a aposentadoria, muitos jogadores de beisebol começam a usar tabaco, álcool e outras drogas que afetam significativamente sua saúde e qualidade de vida.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  baseball has been constantly under the threat of doping, and currently there are criteria issued by some experts that suggest the possibility that many successes achieved by famous baseball players who nowadays appear as the main big stars of this sport in the ballroom fame, have been related to the consumption of prohibited substances.  Objective:  the objective of this study was to explore the data published in the specialized world bibliography that reveal how doping, as well as other forms of fraud, have affected baseball in both the major and minor categories.  Materials and methods:  this bibliographic review work is carried out as a suggestion from baseball fans and the sports press interested in knowing how the problem of doping and the use of prohibited substances has influenced this sport since its origins.  Results:  Currently, doping control tests are carried out on amateur and professional players in the sport's leagues around the world. The tests, measures and sanctions that are applied conform to the prohibitions and standards issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the World Anti-Doping Code. The substances used most frequently have been anabolic steroids, stimulants, Growth Hormone and narcotics.  Conclusions:  once the competitive stage is over and with the passage to retirement, many baseball players begin to consume tobacco, alcohol and other drugs that significantly affect their health and quality of life.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[AMA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[BALCO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Beisbol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Drogas.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[AMA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[BALCO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Beisebol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Drogas.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[AMA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BALCO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Baseball]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drugs.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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