<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2074-8647</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biotecnología Vegetal]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biot. Veg.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2074-8647</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Biotecnología de las PlantasUniversidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2074-86472020000300189</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Optimización del medio de cultivo y las condiciones de fermentación para la producción de un biofertilizante a base de Azotobacter chroococcum]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Optimization of the culture medium and fermentation conditions for Azotobacter chroococcum based biofertilizers production]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Peñaranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oramas García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotolongo Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilio Arcadio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román Tabio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidad de Desarrollo-Innovación del Grupo Empresarial Laboratorios Biológicos Farmacéuticos (LABIOFAM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Boyeros La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana Facultad de Ingeniería Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Marianao La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>189</fpage>
<lpage>201</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2074-86472020000300189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2074-86472020000300189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2074-86472020000300189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En Cuba se ha desarrollado un biofertilizante a base de una cepa de Azotobacter chroococcum, fijadora de nitrógeno. Ante la necesidad de estandarizar su escalado industrial este trabajo tuvo por objetivo optimizar el medio de cultivo y las condiciones de fermentación. Se realizaron ensayos a escala de zaranda y luego en fermentador. En cada caso se realizó validación experimental. Para la optimización del medio de cultivo, se aplicó un diseño factorial 23 con puntos estrellas equidistantes y seis repeticiones en el centro del plan, para ajustar superficies respuesta. Se realizaron un total de 19 corridas experimentales, con tres repeticiones cada una y se determinó la ecuación de regresión. Como variable respuesta se determinó el crecimiento celular por densidad óptica &#955;=540nm (DO540). Para optimizar el crecimiento microbiano en función de la velocidad de agitación y el flujo de aire se empleó un fermentador de 7.5 litros con un diseño factorial 22, tomando como variable respuesta la DO540. Con el medio de cultivo optimizado se obtuvo un crecimiento de 2 - 4 x 109 UFC ml-1, que unido al empleo de una velocidad de agitación y flujo de aire óptimo permiten incrementar el contenido de biomasa bacteriana. Se redujo el tiempo de fermentación a 10 horas con respecto a las 20 a 22 horas que se empleaban en el esquema de producción. Se redujo el 40%, 50% y 20% respectivamente de las fuentes de carbono, nitrógeno y fósforo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In Cuba, a biofertilizer has been developed based on a nitrogen fixer Azotobacter chroococcum strain. This work aimed to optimize the culture medium and the fermentation conditions for industrial scale. First, tests in the shaker were carried out and then in a fermenter. In each case an experimental validation was performed. For the optimization of the culture medium, a central composite design was used to adjust response surfaces. A 23 factorial design with equidistant star points and six repetitions in the center of the plan. A total of 19 experimental runs were performed, with three repetitions determined. As a response variable, cell growth was determined by optical density &#955; = 540nm (OD540). To optimize microbial growth based on agitation speed and air flow, a 7.5, liter with a factorial design 22 was used, taking OD540 as the response variable. With the means of optimized cultivation a growth of 2-4 x 109 UFC ml-1 was obtained that allow to increase the content of bacterial biomass together to the use of a speed of agitation and good flow of air. The new conditions allowed to reduce the time of fermentation at 10 hours, less than 20 to 22 hours used in the production scheme. In addition, 40%, 50% and 20% respectively, of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources were reduced.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioproducto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño compuesto central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metodología de superficie respuesta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioproduct]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[central composite design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[response surface methodology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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