<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2077-2955</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Transformación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[trf]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2077-2955</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Camagüey]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2077-29552018000300420</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aprendizaje basado en problemas en la asignatura dibujo para ingenieros mecánicos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Problem based learning in Drawing for Mechanical Engineers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nápoles Padrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elsa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loyola Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arisis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Camagüey &#8220;Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>420</fpage>
<lpage>433</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2077-29552018000300420&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2077-29552018000300420&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2077-29552018000300420&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La educación superior en Cuba requiere hoy del perfeccionamiento del proceso docente, lo cual conlleva a modificar el trabajo en el aula. El aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) es uno de los más empleados en la actualidad, como herramienta valiosa para la enseñanza que pone acento en el aprendizaje del estudiante enfrentándolo a situaciones que podrían ser reales en el mundo profesional. El objetivo del artículo es mostrar la efectividad del método en la asignatura Dibujo teniendo en cuenta una nueva conceptualización y secuencia de pasos elaborados para la aplicación del ABP en la docencia. La investigación se realizó con el empleo de métodos del nivel teórico, en particular el análisis-síntesis y la revisión documental, así como métodos empíricos como la observación del proceso docente educativo, y se aplicaron pruebas comprobatorias antes y después de la implementación del ABP. Se demostró la efectividad de la aplicación del método de enseñanza con los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes con una mejora de la habilidad interpretar necesaria para la solución de problemas de la gráfica en la enseñanza de la ingeniería.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Nowadays, higher education in Cuba demands the improvement of the teaching process, particularly in classroom daily activities. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a widely spread as a valuable learning tool focused on facing students to real professional situations and tasks. The aim of this paper is to show the effectiveness of the method in the subject Drawing, taking into consideration a new conceptualization and a sequence of steps for the application of PBL in the teaching process. The research was carried out using theoretical methods, particularly, analysis-synthesis and documental revision as well as the empirical methods such as the observation of the teaching-learning process. Additionally, some diagnostic tests were given before and after the implementation of PBL. The students&#8217; answers to these questionnaires proved that PBL improves the interpreting skill needed for solving graphic problems in the teaching of engineering.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje basado en problemas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[formación profesional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[formación de ingenieros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dibujo técnico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[problem based learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[professional education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[engineering education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[technical drawing]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Aalborg University</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Aalborg Centre for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability under the auspices of UNESCO]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mac Labhrainn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Enquiry and Problem-based Learning: Irish Case Studies and International Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Irlanda ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CELT Galway]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hommes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duvivier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problem-based learning (PBL): Getting the most out of your students. Their roles and responsibilities: AMEE Guide No. 84]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Teacher]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiential Learning in Engineering Technology: A Case Study on Problem Solving in Project-Based Learning at the Undergraduate Level]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering Technology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aprendizaje basado en problemas: consideraciones para los graduados en medicina familiar y comunitaria en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medisan]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>4000-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolmos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparing problem based learning models: Suggestions for their implementation]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 3International Research Symposium on PBL]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Coventry, UK </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Killgore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Visions of the Future of Engineering Education: Sharpening the Focus. Paper presented at the]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 121stASEE Annual Conference &amp; Exposition]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Indianapolis </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El aprendizaje basado en problemas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>185-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Grath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teaching on the Front Lines: Using the Internet and Problem-Based]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Learning To Enhance Classroom Teaching]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>5-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aprendizaje basado en problemas -problem based learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoría: Ciencia, Arte y Humanidades]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>145-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nargundkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samaddar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukhopadhyay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Guided Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Approach: Impact on Critical Thinking. Decision Sciences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Innovative Education]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>91-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Universalized Narratives: Patterns in How Faculty Members Define &#8220;Engineering&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering Education]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>309-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Triana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loyola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos para el diseño de las estrategias educativas para la creatividad en la ingeniería gráfica]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer Aided Problem Based Learning in Engineering Dynamics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Mechanics &amp; Materials]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>704</numero>
<issue>704</issue>
<page-range>148-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP): una innovación didáctica para la enseñanza universitaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación y Educadores]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>9-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungaretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problem-Based Learning: Lessons From Medical Education and Challenges for Management Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academy of Management Learning &amp; Education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>173-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veleros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La formación tutorial en entornos virtuales mediante casos y problemas. Una experiencia innovadora latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 9voCongreso Internacional de Educación Superior, Universidad 2014, Taller Internacional Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>La Habana </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aprendizaje basado en problemas en Química y el pensamiento crítico en secundaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>69</numero>
<issue>69</issue>
<page-range>557-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
