<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202021000300262</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pérdidas por radiación en generadores de vapor con el apoyo de la técnica termográfica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Radiation losses in steam boilers with the support of thermographic technique]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reinier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iturralde Carrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteagudo Yanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoisdel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cienfuegos &#8220;Carlos Rafael Rodríguez&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>262</fpage>
<lpage>270</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202021000300262&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202021000300262&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202021000300262&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En el trabajo se realiza un análisis termográfico con ayuda de la cámara térmica testo-875 desde el punto de vista cualitativo y cuantitativo al generador de vapor pirotubular modelo CMS/C-660, y se particulariza en la dependencia que existe entre el rendimiento y la radiación que este equipo emite. Se realiza la revisión de la literatura y se seleccionan las diferentes expresiones para calcular las pérdidas por radiación (q5) y su dependencia con el área superficial y la temperatura exterior de las paredes. Mediante el uso de la termografía se determinan las áreas con carencia de aislamiento en la superficie del generador, así como se cuantifican las áreas seleccionadas como críticas mediante la modelación en 2D a partir del software AutoCAD 2019. Fueron estimadas las pérdidas por radiación en cada una de las zonas críticas, donde la cuantificación de dicha pérdida reflejó deficiencias en el aislamiento térmico. Finalmente se determinó la cantidad de potencia irradiada al medio para cada una de las condiciones evaluadas, para el caso de las zonas críticas la potencia irradiada fue de 6 336 kJ/h mientras que para las zonas no-críticas 2 880 kJ/h, demostrándose el mal estado técnico en el generador de vapor.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In the work, a thermographic analysis is carried out with the help of the testo-875 thermal camera from the qualitative and quantitative point of view to the model CMS / C-660 fire-tube steam boiler, and is particularized in the dependence that exists between the performance and the radiation that this equipment emits. The literature review is carried out and the different expressions are selected to calculate the radiation losses (q5) and their dependence on the surface area and the exterior temperature of the walls. Through the use of thermography, the areas with a lack of insulation on the surface of the boiler are determined, as well as the areas selected as critical are quantified by means of 2D modeling from AutoCAD 2019 software. Radiation losses were estimated in each one critical areas, where the quantification of said loss reflected deficiencies in thermal insulation. Finally, the amount of power irradiated to the medium was determined for each of the evaluated conditions, for the case of critical areas the irradiated power was 6 336 kJ / h while for non-critical areas 2 880 kJ / h, demonstrating the poor technical condition of the steam generator.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Generadores de vapor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radiación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mantenimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[técnica termográfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Steam boilers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[maintenance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermographic technique]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yigang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yunze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaolong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Progress and trends in fault diagnosis for renewable and sustainable energy system based on infrared thermography: A review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infrared Physics &amp; Technology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caetano Barbieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcos Siqueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la Eficiencia Energética de una Caldera Industrial Alimentada por Leña]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research, Society and Development]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çengel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Termodinámica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Combustión y Generación de Vapor]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universo Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación termoexergética del generador de vapor del campus Lenin de la Universidad de Las Tunas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Opuntia Brava]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>454-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamlym]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manuela Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of infrared thermography for monitoring stomatal closure in the field: application to grapevine.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of experimental botany]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>378</numero>
<issue>378</issue>
<page-range>2249-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horna Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación del sistema de generación, distribución y consumo del vapor en el Hospital Regional &#8220;Eleazar Guzman Barrón&#8221; - Nuevo Chimbote&#8221;. Chimbote]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional del Santa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapido Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal Molla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrigal Monzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Funcionamiento y pérdidas en calderas pirotubulares. Estudios de Casos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universo Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamani Montesinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos Velez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Optimización energética del generador de vapor (caldera) del comedor universitario de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno con capacidad de 150 kg de vapor/hora]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional del Altiplano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Rubeis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrosini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantification of heat energy losses through the building envelope: A state-of-the-art analysis with critical and comprehensive review on infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Building and Environment]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>190-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañón Zabaleta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aplicación de la termografía en el mantenimiento predictivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientia et technica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>253-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reves Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aplicación de la Termografía en la inspección y el diagnóstico de paredes de generadores de vapor bkz-340-140/29m.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>69-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Tejeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González de la Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la generación de vapor de la fábrica de refrescos 23 de Agosto en Camagüey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mutis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Habaibeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The design of a novel approach for the assessment of thermal insulation in buildings using infrared thermography and artificial intelligence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Design Engineering]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aballe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía metodológica para proyectos de curso de generadores de vapor.]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Educación Superior]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xinrui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Memari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of infrared thermography for in-situ determination of building envelope thermal properties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Building Engineering]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>870-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
