<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202023000300583</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Political elite and political culture: a political-philosophical analysis of the problem of governance and subordination]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Élite política y cultura política: un análisis político-filosófico del problema de la gobernanza y la subordinación]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagirov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sahin Khanoglan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,ANAS Institute of Philosophy and Sociology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Azerbaijan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>583</fpage>
<lpage>592</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000300583&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000300583&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202023000300583&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The formation of elites in a society may have a rationale, depending on how "elite" is defined. If it is understood as a group of highly trained and talented people who have achieved a position of power and leadership due to their dedication and effort, then the formation of an elite can be seen as something positive, whereas if it is defined as a group of people who have acquired their position of power and wealth due to political, family or economic connections, then the formation of an elite can be considered problematic, since it can perpetuate inequality and exclusion in society. Considering this, the objective of this work is to carry out a political-philosophical analysis of the relationship between the political elite, governance and subordination. The importance of studying the relationship between these variables and how they interact is given that it can help citizens to better understand how political decisions are made and how power is exercised, in addition to allowing the identification and addressing of inequalities and subordination in society. Although the human being has been organized hierarchically since ancient times (which generated elites where power was concentrated), it was not until Vilfredo Pareto and Max Weber that this phenomenon was addressed scientifically, and to this day it generates interesting and controversial political-political debates. Ideological.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La formación de élites en una sociedad puede tener un fundamento, dependiendo de cómo se defina la "élite". Si se entiende como un grupo de personas altamente capacitadas y talentosas que han alcanzado una posición de poder y liderazgo debido a su dedicación y esfuerzo, entonces la formación de una élite puede ser vista como algo positivo, mientras que si se define como un grupo de personas que han adquirido su posición de poder y riqueza debido a conexiones políticas, familiares o económicas, entonces la formación de una élite puede ser considerada problemática, ya que puede perpetuar la desigualdad y la exclusión en la sociedad. Considerando esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis político-filosófico de la relación entre élite política, gobernanza y subordinación. La importancia de estudiar la relación entre estas variables y cómo interactúan está dado que puede ayudar a los ciudadanos a comprender mejor cómo se toman las decisiones políticas y cómo se ejerce el poder además de permitir identificar y abordar las desigualdades y la subordinación en la sociedad. Si bien el ser humano se ha organizado jerárquicamente desde tiempos antiguos (lo que generó élites donde se concentraba el poder), no fue hasta Vilfredo Pareto y Max Weber que este fenómeno se abordó científicamente, y hasta la actualidad genera interesantes y polémicos debates político-ideológicos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political elite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Power]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Élite política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Poder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gobernabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cultura política]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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