<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202024000200274</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A critical examination of alternative space in utopian and dystopian narratives in the context of contemporary societal paradigms]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Examen crítico del espacio alternativo en las narrativas utópicas y distópicas en el contexto de los paradigmas sociales contemporáneos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tahir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mahira Hajiyeva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Languages  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Azerbaijan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>274</fpage>
<lpage>281</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202024000200274&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202024000200274&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202024000200274&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This research aims at undertaking a thorough examination of the intricate role played by alternative spaces within the realms of utopian and dystopian narratives, set against the backdrop of contemporary societal paradigms. The focal point of this research is to unravel the diverse ways in which authors employ alternative spaces as potent instruments for introspection, criticism, and the envisioning of societal transformation. The investigation further accentuates the pivotal role of alternative spaces as conceptual models for instigating societal change. These spaces emerge as conceptual blueprints that depict more egalitarian and just societies, serving as imaginative arenas where fairness, equality, and justice reign supreme. Authors strategically utilize these spaces to craft visions of worlds that prompt readers to contemplate the restructuring of their own societies for the better. Emphasizing the significance of space and spatiality as indispensable elements for comprehending societal structures and dynamics, the author underscores the critical exploration of alternative space in utopian and dystopian literature. This exploration is positioned as a profound method of engaging critically with the tangible realities of the world.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un examen exhaustivo del intrincado papel que desempeñan los espacios alternativos dentro de los ámbitos de las narrativas utópicas y distópicas, en el contexto de los paradigmas sociales contemporáneos. El punto focal de esta investigación es desentrañar las diversas formas en que los autores emplean espacios alternativos como potentes instrumentos para la introspección, la crítica y la visión de la transformación social. La investigación acentúa aún más el papel fundamental de los espacios alternativos como modelos conceptuales para instigar el cambio social. Estos espacios emergen como modelos conceptuales que representan sociedades más igualitarias y justas, sirviendo como escenarios imaginativos donde reinan la equidad, la igualdad y la justicia. Los autores utilizan estratégicamente estos espacios para crear visiones de mundos que impulsen a los lectores a contemplar la reestructuración de sus propias sociedades para mejor. Al enfatizar la importancia del espacio y la espacialidad como elementos indispensables para comprender las estructuras y dinámicas sociales, el autor subraya la exploración crítica del espacio alternativo en la literatura utópica y distópica. Esta exploración se posiciona como un método profundo para comprometerse críticamente con las realidades tangibles del mundo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Literary analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social transformation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Societal norms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spatiality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psychological escapes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis literario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transformación social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Normas sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Espacialidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escapes psicológicos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Handmaid&#8217;s Tale.]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Random House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradbury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fahrenheit 451]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper Voyager]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlotte Perkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilman]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Herland Trilogy]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Start Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hunger Games]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scholastic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Catching Fire]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scholastic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mockingjay]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scholastic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ehre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Olesha&#8217;s Zavist&#8217;: Utopia and Dystopia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Slavic Review]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>601-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[1984. Secker and Warburg]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huxley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brave New World]]></source>
<year>1932</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chatto &amp; Windus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishiguro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Never Let Me Go]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Faber and Faber]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Guin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Dispossessed]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper &amp; Row]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utopia and Its Discontents]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[.), Crime, Critique and Utopia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>1-20</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utopia e Distopia: Um passeio por Huxley, Rorty e Scruton]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cognitio: Revista de Filosofia]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piercy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Woman at the Edge of Time]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[House Publishing Group]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skinner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Walden Two]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hackett Publishing Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seeking Spatial Justice]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Minnesota Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thaler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hope Abjuring Hope: On the Place of Utopia in Realist Political Theory.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Theory]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>671-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Topophilia]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice-Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utopia and Distopia (review)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Utopian Studies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>182-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utopia and dystopia in the map of American literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BAHAS]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
