<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2223-1773</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencia y Deporte]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencia y Deporte]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2223-1773</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Cultura Física de la Universidad de Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz", Cuba.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2223-17732023000300491</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34982/2223.1773.2023.v8.no3.013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Entrenamiento de la flexibilidad cognitiva en adultos mayores entre 75 y 80 años desde un enfoque ecológico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Treinamento de flexibilidade cognitiva em idosos com idade entre 75 e 80 anos a partir de uma abordagem ecológica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Training Cognitive Flexibility in the Elderly (Aged 75-80) with an Ecological Approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaldívar Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dionisio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdomo Salgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marilyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Agraria de La Habana Facultad de Cultura Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mayabeque ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Facultad de Psicología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>491</fpage>
<lpage>506</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2223-17732023000300491&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2223-17732023000300491&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2223-17732023000300491&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  la flexibilidad cognitiva tiene un papel relevante en la resolución de problemas en el entorno social de convivencia de adulto mayor. Permite seleccionar las estrategias necesarias para adaptarse a las situaciones demandantes en el ambiente y responder de forma más flexible.  Objetivo:  evaluar la efectividad de un entrenamiento de la flexibilidad cognitiva en adultos mayores entre 75 y 80 años mediante tareas basadas en la identificación de pistas y señales.  Materiales y métodos:  la población la constituyeron 123 adultos mayores, de la cual emergió una muestra formada por 64 adultos mayores entre 75 y 80 años. Para la elaboración teórica se empleó el método analítico-sintético y como método empírico para evaluar la efectividad de las tareas se empleó el Test del trazo-TMT A&amp;B (Trail Making Test), así como una entrevista semiestructurada. La revisión crítica del material bibliográfico se realizó mediante el método bibliográfico. Las actividades de estimulación se caracterizaron por un sistema de tareas que potencian la flexibilidad cognitiva mediante la identificación de pistas y señales en condiciones naturales.  Resultados:  los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones de la primera y segunda aplicación en el grupo experimental según la prueba de Wilcoxon y para muestras independientes según la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se logra una correspondencia entre las tareas realizadas y las demandas de la flexibilidad cognitiva del adulto mayor participante.  Conclusiones:  el Programa de entrenamiento desde un enfoque ecológico demostró ser efectivo para potenciar la flexibilidad cognitiva en el adulto mayor entre 75 y 80 años.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução:  a flexibilidade cognitiva tem papel importante na resolução de problemas no ambiente social de convivência do idoso. Permite selecionar as estratégias necessárias para se adaptar a situações exigentes no ambiente e responder com mais flexibilidade.  Objetivo:  avaliar a eficácia do treinamento de flexibilidade cognitiva em idosos entre 75 e 80 anos por meio de tarefas baseadas na identificação de pistas e sinais.  Materiais e métodos:  a população foi constituída por 123 idosos, da qual emergiu uma amostra constituída por 64 idosos com idades compreendidas entre os 75 e os 80 anos. Para a elaboração teórica foi utilizado o método analítico-sintético e como método empírico para avaliar a eficácia das tarefas foi utilizado o Trace Test-TMT A&amp;B (Trail Making Test) e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. A revisão crítica do material bibliográfico foi realizada por meio do método bibliográfico. As atividades de estimulação foram caracterizadas por um sistema de tarefas que aumentam a flexibilidade cognitiva por meio da identificação de pistas e sinais em condições naturais.  Resultados:  os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os escores da primeira e da segunda aplicação no grupo experimental segundo o teste de Wilcoxon e para amostras independentes segundo o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Uma correspondência é alcançada entre as tarefas realizadas e as demandas de flexibilidade cognitiva do idoso participante.  Conclusões:  o Programa de Treinamento de abordagem ecológica mostrou-se eficaz no aumento da flexibilidade cognitiva em idosos entre 75 e 80 anos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  cognitive flexibility plays a key role in the solution of social problems related to living with the elderly. It helps choose the necessary strategies for adjusting to demanding situations, and to offer more flexible responses.  Aim:  To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive flexibility training in 75-80-year-old people, through tasks based on the identification of clues and signals.  Materials and methods:  The population consisted of 123 seniors, from which a final sample of 64 subjects aged between 75 and 80 years old was selected. The analytical-synthetic theoretical method was used for the theoretical design of this study, while the TMT A&amp;B (Trail Making Test) was the empirical method used to evaluate the effectiveness of tasks. A semi-structured interview was included in the research. A critical review of the literature was performed as described in the bibliographic method. The stimulation activities were characterized by a system of tasks that promoted cognitive flexibility by identifying clues and signals in natural conditions.  Results:  There were statistically significant differences between the scores of the first and second application in the experimental group, according to the Wilcoxon test, and for the independent samples, according to the Mann-Mhitney U test. There was a correspondence between the tasks performed and the demands of cognitive flexibility in the elders that participated in the study.  Conclusions:  The ecologically-based training program was effective in promoting cognitive flexibility in 75-80-year-old individuals.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adulto mayor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[flexibilidad cognitiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entrenamiento cognitivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfoque ecológico.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[idoso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[flexibilidade cognitiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[treinamento cognitivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[abordagem ecológica.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elderly]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive flexibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive training]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological approach.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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