<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2304-0106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la ACC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2304-0106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2304-01062021000300028</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Soledad y su asociación con depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño en personas mayores cubanas durante la pandemia por COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Loneliness and its connection with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in Cuban elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llibre Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan de J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noriega Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisseth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Milagros A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zayas Llerena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tania]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llibre Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonso Chomat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rebeca C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Finlay-Albarrán Departamento de Investigaciones Alzheimer]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Academia de Ciencias de Cuba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Salud Mental del Municipio Marianao  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sanatorio San Juan de Dios  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Finlay Albarrán  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Dr. Rafael Estrada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Departamento de Medicina Familiar ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Monterrey]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2304-01062021000300028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2304-01062021000300028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2304-01062021000300028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  La COVID-19 ha incrementado el distanciamiento social y el confinamiento de las personas mayores, lo cual tiene efectos adversos para su salud física y mental. Objetivo: estudiar la influencia sobre la salud mental (depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño) de los sentimientos de soledad durante la actual pandemia por la COVID-19 en personas mayores cubanas.  Métodos:  Estudio observacional en 585 personas de 65 años y más procedentes del Estudio longitudinal Envejecimiento y Alzheimer. Las entrevistas se realizaron del 1 de octubre al 30 de noviembre del 2020, durante la fase 3 de recuperación de la pandemia en la provincia de La Habana. El estado mental geriátrico (GMS), se utilizó en la identificación de sentimientos de soledad, depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño.  Resultados:  Se encontró una elevada prevalencia de sentimientos de soledad 29,7 %, depresión 37,9 %, ansiedad 20,9 % e insomnio 28,9 %. La soledad incrementó la probabilidad de depresión, OR = 5,37 (IC 95 % de 3,66 a 7,89), ansiedad OR = 3,60 (IC 95 % de 2,38 a 5,46) e insomnio OR = 2,88 (IC 95 %; de 1,97 a 4,22), manteniéndose la asociación de forma significativa en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: El aislamiento social y las medidas de restricción durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 han tenido consecuencias negativas en la salud mental y el bienestar de las personas mayores; se necesita continuar estudios que permitan identificar sus factores de riesgo y desarrollar intervenciones para disminuir los efectos del aislamiento social en la salud mental de las personas mayores en situaciones como la actual pandemia y en periodos de normalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  COVID-19 has increased social distancing and the isolation of elderly people, which brings adverse effects to their physical and mental health. Objective: to study the influence of feelings of loneliness on Cuban elderly people&#8217;s mental health (depression, anxiety and sleep disorders) during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Method: Observational study of 585 65 year old people and older ones included in the Aging and Alzheimer Longitudinal Study. The interviews were conducted from October 1 to November 30, 2020, during phase 3 of pandemic recovery in Havana province. The geriatric mental state (GMS) was used to identify feelings of loneliness, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.  Results:  Was found a high prevalence of feelings of loneliness (29,7 %), depression (37,9 %), anxiety (20,9 %), and insomnia (28,9 %). Loneliness increased the probability of depression, OR= 5,37 (IC 95 % from 3,66 to 7,89), anxiety 0R = 3,60 (IC 95 % from 2,38 to 5,46) and insomnia OR = 2,88 (IC 95 %; from 1,97 to 4,22), the connection remaining significantly in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Social distancing and restriction measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have brought negative consequences on elderly people&#8217;s mental health and well-being. Further studies are necessary to identify risk factors and develop procedures to reduce the effects of social distancing on elderly people&#8217;s mental health in situations like the pandemic and also in periods of normalcy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[personas mayores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aislamiento social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[soledad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elderly people]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social distancing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[loneliness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mental health]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Covinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders among older adults the national comorbidity survey replication]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Gen Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>489-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brayne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of anxiety and its correlates among older adults in Latin America, India and China cross-cultural study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>199</volume>
<page-range>485-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>WHO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva, CH ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Connor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tracey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wessely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>547-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perlman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peplau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a social psychology of loneliness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pers Relat]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>31-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age a scoping review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Soc Care Commun]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>799-812</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen-Mansfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shalom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlates and predictors of loneliness in older-adults a review of quantitative results informed by qualitative insights]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Psychogeriatr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>557-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yu-Tzu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kralj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daisy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llibre Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The association between, depression, anxiety, and mortality in older people across eight low- and middle-income countries: Results from the 10/66 cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Geriatr Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>29-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuba´s Aging and Alzheimer Longitudinal Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MEDICC Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albanese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arizaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2007. The protocols for the 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based research programme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>165</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acostas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llibre Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cohort Profile The 10/66 study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Epidemiology,]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copeland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JRM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffith-Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A computarised psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects GMS and AGECAT]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychol Med]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>89-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koyanagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Loneliness and its association with depressed mood, anxiety symptoms, and sleep problems in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Neuropsychiatrica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ONEI/CEPDE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cuba: Dinámica demográfica. Impacto de los factores demográficos en la pandemia COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shrira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palgi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19-related loneliness and psychiatric symptoms among older adults: the buffering role of subjective age]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Geriatr Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coping with being cooped up Social distancing during COVID-19 among 60+ in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Panam Salud Publica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>44</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canevelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valletta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toccaceli Blasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facing dementia during the COVID-19 outbreak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1673-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steffens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethical and logistical considerations of caring for older adults on inpatient psychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Geriatr Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>829-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
