<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2304-0106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la ACC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2304-0106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2304-01062022000100011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Influencia de las condiciones de la superficie del cátodo en la emisión de corriente parásitas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Influence of the cathode surface conditions on dark current emission]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maykel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemoine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Didier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Toulouse Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Toulouse]]></addr-line>
<country>Francia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Dentro de las cámaras de alto vacío de los inyectores de partículas neutras al plasma de los futuros reactores de fusión nuclear, como el ITER o DEMO, se producen las llamadas &#8220;corrientes parásitas&#8221; que, con el tiempo, provocan el deterioro de diferentes componentes. A pesar de que esta emisión típica tiene una explicación sobre la base de la teoría de emisión de campo, aún quedan muchas interrogantes por ser descritas. El objetivo fue utilizar la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad, como base principal para la descripción de algunos aspectos de la emisión electrónica desde superficies contaminadas o con irregularidades nanométricas.  Métodos:  Los estudios fueron realizados en superficies de tungsteno y carburo de tungsteno contaminadas con carbono, así como en superficies corrugadas de tungsteno limpio.  Resultados: Se generaron nuevos conocimientos sobre el origen de las &#8220;corrientes parásitas&#8221; y su relación con diferentes irregularidades de las superficies de los cátodos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Inside the high vacuum chambers of the plasma heater of the future nuclear fusion reactors, such as ITER or DEMO, so-called &#8220;dark currents&#8221; are produced which, with time, cause damages to different components. Although this typical emission has an explanation on the basis of field emission theory, there are still many questions to be described. The objective was to use a model based on Density Functional Theory to describe some aspects of the field emission due to contaminated surfaces or nanometric irregularities.  Methods: Studies were conducted on tungsten and tungsten carbide surfaces contaminated with carbon, as well as on clean tungsten corrugated surfaces.  Results:  Knowledge of the origin of &#8220;dark currents&#8221; was advanced, as well as its relation with different irregularities on the cathode surfaces.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inyector de partículas neutras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrientes parásitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emisión electrónica de campo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plasma heater]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dark current]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electronic field emission]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nordheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electron emission in intense electric fields]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A]]></source>
<year>1928</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>173</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[High Voltage Vacuum Insulation: Basic Concepts and Technological Practice]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[High Voltage Vacuum Insulation: A New Perspective]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AuthorHouse]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fowler-Nordheim Plot Analysis: A Progress Report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jordan J. Phys]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>125</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a simple quantitative test for lack of field emission orthodoxy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>469</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halbritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On conditioning: Reduction of secondary and rf-field emission by electron, photon, or helium impact]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>6475</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halbritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhanced Electron Emission and Its Reduction by Electron and Ion Impact]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<page-range>253</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halbritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On Contamination on Electrode Surfaces and Electric Field Limitations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>671</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomaschke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Gas Pressure on Electrical Breakdown and Field Emission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>880</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloomer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some effects of gases upon vacuum breakdown initiated by field emission of electrons]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vacuum]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>379</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beukema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conditioning of a vacuum gap by sparks and ion bombardment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physica]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>259</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Field emission and surface conditioning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vacuum]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The origin of prebreakdown electron emission from vacuum-insulated high voltage electrodes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vacuum]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>137</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new perspective on the gas conditioning of high-voltage vacuum-insulated electrodes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>943</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adsorption and Diffusion of Oxygen on Tungsten]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chem. Phys]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>1363</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeitoun-Fakiris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juttner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of gases on the emission currents from metallic micropoints in ultra-high vacuum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>960</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BastaniNejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improving the performance of stainless-steel DC high voltage photoelectron gun cathode electrodes via gas conditioning with helium or krypton]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>762</volume>
<page-range>135</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Field-emission sites on unpolished stainless steel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>L5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakanishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Togawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fabrication of ultra-clean copper surface to minimize field emission dark currents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>462</volume>
<page-range>337</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakanishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reduction of field emission dark current for high-field gradient electron gun by using a molybdenum cathode and titanium anode]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>538</volume>
<page-range>33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reschke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Field emission from crystalline niobium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastani Nejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmustafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adderley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Covert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of niobium as candidate electrode material for dc high voltage photoelectron guns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almaksour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dessante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Esch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.P.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental study of the reduction of field emission by gas injection in vacuum for accelerator applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>17</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Esch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doceul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faisse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villecroze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptual design of a high-voltage compact bushing for application to future N-NBI systems of fusion reactors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fusion Eng. Des]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemoine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almaksour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ph.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dessante]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of ambient gas pressure and carbon adsorption on dark current emission from a cathode]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemoine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon adsorption on tungsten and electronic field emission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surf. Sci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>645</volume>
<page-range>56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A three dimensional numerical quantum mechanical model of field electron emission from metallic surfaces covered with carbon adsorbates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>126</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Esch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.P.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemoine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a Compact Bushing for NBI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fifth International Symposium on Negative Ions, Beams ans Sources (NIBS 2016), AIP Conf. Proc]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1869</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemoine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Static electric field enhancement in nanoscale structures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. App. Phys]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>120</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jr. R. H]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Good]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermionic Emission, Field Emission, and the Transition Region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>1464</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gohda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-consistent density functional calculation of field emission currents from metals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>1750</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bardeen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tunnelling from a many-particle point of view]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tersoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. B]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>805</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantum model of space-charge-limited field emission in a nanogap]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nanotechnology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Onset of space charge limited current for field emission from a single sharp tip]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Plasmas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lepetit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electronic field emission models beyond the Fowler-Nordheim one]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>122</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fursey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Field emission in vacuum micro-electronics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Surf. Sci]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fursey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive emission processes in the high and ultrahigh electric fields]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Proceedings Conference of the Young Researchers in VacuumMicro/Nano Electronics (VMNE-YR)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyritsakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veske]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eimre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Djurabekova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal runaway of metal nano-tips during intense electron emission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. D Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>51</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyritsakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Djurabekova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A general computational method for electron emission and thermal effects in field emitting nanotips]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comput. Mater. Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
