<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2304-0106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la ACC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2304-0106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2304-01062022000100017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enfoques semánticos basados en ontologías para la recuperación de información en Sistemas de Información Geográfica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ontology based semantic approaches for information retrieval in Geographic Information Systems]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Matilde]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nayi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl Comas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Santa Clara]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Extremadura  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Extremadura]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ambato Tungurahua]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) han adquirido gran relevancia, al aumentar el valor de la información geográfica para tomar decisiones. Mejorar la eficacia del procesamiento y la recuperación de información en SIG, teniendo en cuenta los grandes volúmenes de datos geográficos disponibles, su heterogeneidad, y la ausencia de significados semánticos formalizados, constituye un desafío y objetivo general de esta investigación.  Métodos:  Los enfoques basados en ontologías (ej. ontologías geográficas) constituye una alternativa muy prometedora para dotar de semántica a los datos y su procesamiento. Los paradigmas de acceso e integración de datos basados en ontologías permiten la administración de grandes ontologías y la interoperabilidad de datos heterogéneos, problemáticas también tratadas en la investigación. En el trabajo se presenta un nuevo método semiautomático para la generación de ontologías geográficas a partir de fuentes de datos espaciales heterogéneas y un modelo de gestión de datos basado en ontologías y Razonamiento Basado en Casos (RBC).  Resultados:  El método propuesto permite dotar a los SIG de recursos de conocimiento más robustos, incrementando sus capacidades de recuperar información y su eficacia. Además, el paradigma de ontologías basadas en bases de datos aplicado permite un mejor manejo del volumen de conocimiento generado. Este paradigma, aplicado también en el modelo de gestión de datos basado en ontologías propuesto, permitió resolver los problemas de interoperabilidad existentes en sistemas de la Unión Eléctrica entre datos geográficos y de dominio eléctrico, al mismo tiempo que se extendieron las capacidades de formulación de consultas y la recuperación de información con el RBC.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become very relevant by increasing the value of geographic information for decision making. Improving the efficacy of information processing and retrieval in GIS -taking into account the large geographic data volumes available, their heterogeneity, and the absence of formalized semantic meanings- is a challenge and constitutes the general objective of this research.  Methods: Ontology-based approaches (e.g. geographic ontologies) are a very promising alternative to provide semantics to data and its processing. Ontology-based data access and integration paradigms enable the management of large ontologies and the interoperability of heterogeneous data, issues also addressed in the research. The paper presents a new semi-automatic method for the generation of geographic ontologies from heterogeneous spatial data sources and a data management model based on ontologies and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR).  Results: The proposed method provides more robust knowledge resources to the GIS, increasing their information retrieval capabilities and efficacy. In addition, the paradigm of database-supported ontologies applied allows for better management of the knowledge volume generated. This paradigm, also applied to the proposed ontology-based data management model, permitted solving the interoperability problems existing in Electric Union systems between geographic and electric domain data, while extending query formulation capabilities and information retrieval with the RBC.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ontologías geográficas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recuperación información geográfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemas de información geográfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[razonamiento basado en casos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geographic ontologies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geographic information retrieval]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geographic information systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[case-based reasoning]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilches-Blázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[framework for connecting two interoperability universes: OGC Web Feature Services and Linked Data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions in GIS]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murdock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geographic Information Retrieval Progress and Challenges in Spatial Search of Text]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foundations and Trends(r) in Information Retrieval]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>164-318</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geospatial Semantics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comprehensive Geographic Information Systems]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>p</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A framework for annotating OpenStreetMap objects using geo-tagged tweets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GeoInformatica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>589</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[See]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[C , Antoniou V., Minghini M. Volunteered geographic information: looking towards the next 10 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geographical Systems]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acercamiento a un modelo de recuperación de información geográfica basado en técnicas de exploración y descripción semántica de datos geoespaciales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEUR-WS. 2014,]]></source>
<year>1219</year>
<page-range>72-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integración de técnicas browsing con ontologías en un modelo de recuperación de información geográfica]]></article-title>
<collab>Alfredo Simón Cuevas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencias de la Información]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[E , Perea Ortega J. M., Simón-Cuevas A. Generación Semiautomática de una Ontología Geográfica a partir de Fuentes Heterogéneas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEUR-WS]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1797</volume>
<page-range>67-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Automatic Expansion of Spatial Ontologies for Geographic Information Retrieval]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communications in Computer and Information Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>855</volume>
<page-range>659-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[E , Perea Ortega J. M., Simón-Cuevas A., Romero F. P., Olivas Varela J. A. Automated Large Geographic Ontologies Generation Method from Spatial Databases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communications in Computer and Information Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1029</volume>
<page-range>118-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[E , Perea Ortega J. M., Simón-Cuevas A. Extensión del Framework OWLAPI para la Administración y Razonamiento sobre Grandes Ontologías]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEUR-WS]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>2096</volume>
<page-range>124-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[M An Ontology-Based Data Management Model Applied to a Real Information System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1078</volume>
<page-range>36-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riverol Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intelligent Case-Based System for Decision-Making in the Electricity Sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1165-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[M Sistema Inteligente de Información Geográfica para las empresas eléctricas cubanas. Ingeniare]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista chilena de ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>197-209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[M , Rivero Quesada A. Modelo de manejo de datos, con el uso de inteligencia artificial, para un sistema de información geográfica en el sector energético]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enfoque UTE]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>95-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comas Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[M , Frankz Carrera. Geographical Information System Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communications in Computer and Information Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>895</volume>
<page-range>446-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abiteboul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barceló]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bienvenu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvanese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[David]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hüllermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kimelfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murlak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwentick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoyanovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suciu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vianu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Research Directions for Principles of Data Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACM SIGMOD Record]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>5-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
