<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2304-0106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la ACC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2304-0106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2304-01062022000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La unión y formación de poros de las actinoporinas están determinadas por las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la membrana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Binding and pore-formation by actinoporins are determined by membrane physicochemical properties]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Valcárcel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedrera Puentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lohans]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto Febles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado Mesén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ros Quincoces]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Uris L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanio Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valle Garay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aisel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fanani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabiola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valiente Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Patria Hervis Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yadira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Facultad de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Córdoba]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Inmunología Molecular  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2304-01062022000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Las actinoporinas (AP) son proteínas formadoras de poro (PFP) que se asocian a membranas conduciendo a la muerte celular. Sticholysinas I y II (St, StI/II) se encuentran entre las AP más potentes descritas en la naturaleza. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la influencia de la composición lipídica y dinámica de la membrana en la unión y formación de poros por StI/II y nigrelysina (Ngr), una nueva AP aquí descrita.  Métodos: La unión y formación de poros se estudiaron mediante membranas modelo combinadas con espectroscopía de fluorescencia y microscopía.  Resultados y discusión: St y Ngr se unen y permeabilizan preferencialmente membranas que contienen esfingomielina (SM) cuando se compara con fosfatidilcolina (PC), debido a la presencia, en SM, de la unidad de fosfocolina de PC más la unidad ceramida (Cer). StI reconoce a Cer y a gangliósidos, aunque en menor extensión. En términos de propiedades dinámicas, StI penetra preferencialmente membranas con elevada movilidad lateral y adecuado nivel de SM. StI permeabiliza más eficientemente membranas con esteroles además de SM. Los bordes de la coexistencia de dominios lipídicos no constituyen un factor determinante para su unión y actividad. La heterogeneidad molecular de las membranas, más allá de la presencia de dominios, favorece la actividad de AP. Conclusiones. Estos estudios explican la relevancia de SM, otros lípidos de base Cer y esteroles a la actividad de St, Ngr, y por extensión, a las AP. Desde una perspectiva dinámica, una fase altamente fluida y moderadamente enriquecida en SM y esteroles constituye una plataforma ideal para la formación de poros por AP.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Actinoporins (AP) are pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that readily bind to membranes leading to cell death. Sticholysins I and II (St, StI/II) are among the most potent AP described in nature. This proposal aimed to characterize the influence of lipid composition and dynamic properties of membranes on binding and pore-formation by StI/II and nigrelysin (Ngr), a novel AP here described.  Methods: Binding and pore-formation were studied using model membranes such as liposomes and lipidic monolayers combined with fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.  Results and Discussion: St and Ngr bind and preferentially permeabilize membranes containing sphingomyelin (SM) over phosphatidylcholine (PC). This is explained by the presence of the PC phosphocholine unit plus a ceramide moiety (Cer) in SM. StI also recognizes Cer and gangliosides although to a lesser extent. In terms of dynamic properties, StI penetrates preferentially membranes with high lateral mobility and moderately enriched in SM. Also, StI permeabilizes more efficiently membranes containing sterols, in addition to SM. The appearance of borders resulting from lipidic domains coexistence is not a determining factor for binding or activity in membranes. Indeed, the activity is enhanced by membrane molecular heterogeneity beyond the presence of lipidic domains. As a conclusion these studies explain the relevance of SM and sterols for St, Ngr, and by extension, to APs binding to membrane and explain the contribution of other Cer-based lipids to their activity. In dynamic terms, a highly fluid phase, and moderately enriched in SM and sterols, is an ideal platform for the formation of pores in the membrane for AP.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actinoporinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proteínas formadoras de poro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fluidez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[membranas modelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fases lipídicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[actinoporins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pore-forming proteins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fluidity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[model membranes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lipid phases]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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