<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2304-0106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la ACC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2304-0106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2304-01062023000400021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Vigilancia genómica de las variantes de SARS CoV-2 que circularon en Cuba, marzo de 2020 a septiembre 2022]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Genomic surveillance of the variants of SARS CoV-2 that circulated in Cuba between March 2020 to September 2022]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lissette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tejero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yahisel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mederos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dailyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mirtha E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pintos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanet]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Odalys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mayling]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldoquín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Waldemar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yenisleidys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuñes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lirialys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niurka E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Karla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dianelvys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guelsy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanaris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José R de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kourí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vivian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí Departamento de Virología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Facultad de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud Pública  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2304-01062023000400021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2304-01062023000400021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2304-01062023000400021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Ante la pandemia de COVID-19 causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS CoV-2, Cuba estableció tempranamente un plan estratégico para su enfrentamiento, confirmando los primeros casos en marzo de 2020. El objetivo es identificar las variantes de SARS CoV-2 que circularon en Cuba desde marzo 2020 a septiembre 2022 y su relación con determinadas variables sociodemográficas y clínico epidemiológicas.  Métodos:  Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 2105 muestras de pacientes positivos procedentes de todo el país. Se realizó extracción del ácido ribonucleico viral, amplificación y secuenciación de los genes N (nucleocápsida) y S (espícula). Los perfiles de mutaciones y la asignación de variantes se realizaron utilizando la base de datos GISAID.  Resultados:  Durante el año 2020 circuló la variante D614G (84,2 %) y la cepa salvaje de Wuhan (5,2 %). En el 2021 se detectaron 18 variantes; entre ellas Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta y Omicrón (de preocupación). Las más frecuentes fueron Beta (34,77 %), Delta (24,89 %), D614G (19 %) y Omicrón (7,6 %). Delta se asoció con mayor incidencia de la enfermedad y Beta con la gravedad clínica. La variante Omicrón desplazó a Delta a finales del 2021, sin incremento de la letalidad. Durante el 2022 circularon las variantes de Omicrón, BA.1, BA.2 y BA.5. Conclusiones: La vigilancia genómica permitió demostrar la circulación de múltiples variantes en Cuba y su relación con la gravedad clínica y la transmisibilidad. El comportamiento relativamente más leve y la menor incidencia de la enfermedad causada por Omicrón podría estar influenciado por las altas coberturas de vacunación y la inmunidad natural adquirida durante la ola de la variante Delta.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new SARS CoV-2 coronavirus, Cuba early established a strategic plan for its confrontation, confirming the first cases in March 2020. The objective of this work was to identify the variants of SARS CoV-2 that circulated in Cuba from March 2020 to September 2022 and their relationship with certain sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables.  Methods:  It was carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study. They were included 2,105 positive patient samples from all over the country. They were performed viral RNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of the N (nucleocapsid) and S (spicule) genes. They were performed mutation profiles and variant assignment using the GISAID database.  Results:  During the year 2020, the D614G variant (84.2%) and the wild strain from Wuhan (5.2%) circulated. In 2021, they were detected 18 variants, among them Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron (of concern). The most frequent were Beta (34.77%), Delta (24.89%), D614G (19%) and Omicron (7.6%). Delta was associated with a higher incidence of the disease and Beta with clinical severity. The Omicron variant displaced Delta at the end of 2021, with no increase in lethality. During 2022 circulated the variants of Omicron, BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Conclusions: Genomic surveillance made it possible to demonstrate the circulation of multiple variants in Cuba and their relationship with clinical severity and transmissibility. The relatively milder behavior of the disease caused by the Omicron variant could be influenced by the high vaccination coverage and the natural immunity acquired during the Delta wave.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[VOC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[No-VOC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gen S]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[VOC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Non-VOC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[S gene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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