Scientific profiles in the field of children obesity
Perfiles científicos en el campo de la obesidad infantil
Mohammad-Hossein Biglu,I Mostafa GhavamiII
I Basic Sciences Department. Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz, Iran. ]]> II Radiology Department. Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz, Iran.
Childhood obesity is a serious health issue that has both immediate and long-term effects on health and well-being. Although obesity affects both children and adults, but childhood obesity is more serious than obesity in adults. The objective of current study was to depict the trend of publication entitled pediatric obesity indexed in the database of Scopus during years 2001-2015. A bibliometrics study was conducted to plot the development of scientific activities in the field of Pediatric obesity. Database of Scopus which covers 100 % of MEDLINE was used to extract all papers entitled pediatric obesity for a period of 15 years. Extraction of papers was restricted into papers entitled "pediatric obesity" from the Search Builder pull-down menu in the advanced search screen, this causes to obtain the articles that their major topics are in the desired subject area. Analysis of data showed that a total number of 663 papers entitled pediatric obesity indexed in scopus during the period of study. The results of study specified the investigation of pediatric obesity in 18 subject areas; the subject area of psychology seems to be in the inferior concern of scientists. Regarding the important influence of socio-psycho-genetic aspects on the pediatric obesity, these issues of study should be taken under consideration by policy-makers and nutritional scientists.
Key words: Pediatric; Obesity; children obesity; bibliometrics.
INTRODUCTION
Obesity is a global public health problem, associated with a number of chronic disease including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and several form of cancers.1,2 The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide in both developed and developing countries.3 Childhood obesity is another serious health issue that has both immediate and long-term effects on health and well-being; although obesity affects both children and adults,4 but childhood obesity is more serious than obesity in adults. Obesity in childhood is of particular concern due to its associated health consequences and its influence on young psychosocial development.5,6 Overweight children are more likely to develop obesity in adulthood and approximately 50% of overweight adolescents and over one-third of overweight children remain obese in later ages.6,7 Currently it was estimated that the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity range from 12 % to over 30 % in developed countries and from 2 % to 12 % in developing countries.8 There are no evidences to reveal the attitude of scientists towards dealing with pediatric obesity.
A most reliable and trustworthy way to track science and technology activities is the study of scientific literature.9 Many bibliometrics analysis has been done to illustrate the quantity and quality of scientific activities of different fields in various databases.10-12 Since the number of published papers in each subject area can reveal the attitudes and attempts of individuals and/or organization towards the same field,13,14 hence in this study we aim to extract and analyse all papers entitled "pediatric obesity" which published in the journals and indexed in the database of Scopus during years 2011-2015. The results of current study clearly show the attitudes and approaches of institutions and countries for scientific activities in the field of children obesity.
METHODS ]]>
All papers indexed as a title of "paediatric obesity" in the bibliographic database of Scopus during years 2001-2015 was extracted and went under analysis. We planed the search strategy as: [("Pediatric obesity") OR ("children obesity") OR ("child obesity")]. We restricted our search into "article title" from the menu of "fields type", and the years of under study was limited into 2001-2015. Scopus is a bibliographic database which covers 100 % of MEDLINE database. MEDLINE is a part of National Library of Medicine (NLM) journal citation database.
Restriction of papers into desired title, facilities the way to obtain the articles in the most related subject area.15 The origin country of papers identified from the field of addresses (AD) in each records, after that the articles were geographically classified. All obtained papers went under content analysis by a specialist to determine the sub-categories of papers in the field. We are aware that these databases (Scopus and MEDLINE) lack the affiliation and the country information of some co-authors, for this reason only the origin country of authors that appeared in the fields of address were taken under consideration as the origin country of papers.
RESULTS
The extraction of papers entitled "pediatric obesity" during years 2001-2015 in Scopus led to 663 papers. Although the number of publication in the field of pediatric obesity (663 papers) for 15 years seems to be small, but considering the number of publication for the last 15 years, we will find out that the number of publication in the field has increased linear. It reached from 10 papers in 2001 into 68 papers in 2015 (Fig 1).
The extraction of data led to 663 papers in the form of Journal Article (376 papers), Review (143 papers), Note (28 papers), Editorial (27 papers), Conference Paper (26), Book Chapter (21), Letter (12), Short Survey (12), Article in Press (11 papers), Erratum (6), and Book (1). The majority of papers (89.6 %) was in English language. Only 10.4 % of papers were in other languages such as: French (22 papers), Spanish (18 papers), Czech (5 papers), Chinese (4 papers), German (4 papers), Korean (3 papers), Portuguese (3 papers), Italian (2 papers), Japanese (2 papers), Slovak (2 papers), Croatian (1 paper), Persian (1 paper), Russian (1 paper), and Swedish one paper (Fig. 2).
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As shows the table 1, from a total number of 160 journals contributing papers entitled pediatric obesity, indexed in Scopus, the Journal of Obesity sharing 3.3 % (22 papers) of the global publication entitled "pediatric obesity" was the most productive journal, followed by the international Journal of pediatric obesity (17 papers), Journal of Clinical Pediatrics (14 papers), and Journal of Pediatrics (14 papers). Table 1 is restricted to the 20 top productive journals, those published papers entitled pediatric obesity during years 2011-2015.
Authors from 39 countries shared their papers entitled pediatric obesity in Scopus during years 2011-2015. The American authors were the most productive authors, sharing 52.9 % of global publication entitled "pediatric obesity", followed by authors from Australia sharing 34 papers, United Kingdom sharing 34 papers, Canada sharing 32 papers, and France sharing 22 papers in the field in the database of Scopus during the period of study. Regarding to the origin regions of published papers, they mostly came from North America and Western Europe. Table 2 shows the origin country of authors, who shared their works in Scopus.
A total number of 1 112 authors, who shared their works in the field, among them Joseph Arnold Skelton, from the Brenner Children's Hospital, Winston Salem, United States publishing 11 papers entitled pediatric obesity during years 2001-2015 was the most productive author. The following authors were Ric G. Steele, from University of Kansas Lawrence, Clinical Child Psychology Program, Lawrence, United States sharing 9 papers, Geoff Dc C. Ball, from Stollery Children's Hospital, Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health, Edmonton, Canada sharing 8 papers. David M. Janicke, from University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, United States sharing 8 papers, and Elissa Jelalian, from Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, United States, sharing 8 papers entitled pediatric obesity (table 2).
The content analysis of extracted papers entitled "pediatric obesity" indexed in Scopus during years 2001-2015 indicated that the scientist's approaches were in 18 major categories. Researches in Medicine aspects was the most frequented subject area, 56.5 % of total researches were in this area. 15.8 % of researches was in Nursing, 6.8 % of papers was in the subject area of (Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), and 6.2 % was in the subject area of psychology (table 3).
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
According to the results of previous studies, the childhood obesity has doubled more than two times in children and quadrupled in adolescents during the last 30 years. It is estimated that the percentage of obese children aged 6–11 years in United States has increased from 7 % in 1980 to nearly 18 % in 2012.16,17 Although the pediatric obesity was an important issue since long ago, but it was introduced as an autonomous category in medical subject heading (MeSH) first in 2014. Pediatric obesity is a multi-factorial issues, and it is associated with many factors such as family factors, diet, lack of exercise, psychological factors and socioeconomic factors.
The evidences have shown that childhood obesity is epidemic in many regions and countries; therefore it is urgency to prevent further increases of this health problem.18 Studies suggested the importance of public health impact of intervening on risk factors in early developmental periods, these studies propose that maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes are essential prenatally, and fast weight gaining, infant feeding, sleep duration quantity and quality, and television viewing are major factors during infancy.19 maintaining the knowledge of changes in researchs of pediatric obesity is vital, so it is essential to present the scientific attitude towards pediatric obesity. Bibliometrics analysis is an appropriate tool for depiction the trend of research centers' approaches towards health problems in the societies; hence the result of current study can help the research centers administers to lead the researches in the necessary and needed fields. Analysis of data of current study indicated that, the number of publication in the field of pediatric obesity is still lower than the required level to guarantee the reliable attention of related institutions for solving the obesity problems among children. The United States was the most productive country performing researches and publishing papers in pediatric obesity followed by west Europe. One may interpret this occurrence in such a way that developed countries have more facilities for doing research in different areas e.g. in the field of obesity. We should bear in mind that the obesity has a strong relationship with the income level of countries. Based on the recent report of WHO, the prevalence of overweight in high income and upper middle income countries was more than double that of low and lower middle income countries.20 The majority of publications was in English language. This pheromone should not come as a surprise, the American databases have concerned indexing of papers in English language since many years ago.10
The content analysis of obtained papers identified that the scientists' methodologies towards pediatric obesity were in eighteen different subject areas. The subject area of medicine was the most frequented of them followed by nursing subject area, the subject area of "Immunology and Microbiology" was the least one. Regarding the important influence of socio-psycho-genetic aspects on the pediatric obesity, these issues are crucial issues related to the obesity; hence it is strongly recommended the nutritional scientists and policy makers in research centres to take under consideration these issues of study.
Conflict of interests ]]>
The authors don't declare conflict of interests.
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Recibido: 3 de abril de 2016.
Aprobado: 15 de julio de 2016.
Mohammad-Hossein Biglu. Basic Sciences Department, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Email: mh_biglu@yahoo.com
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