<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7531</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Pediatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Pediatr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7531</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-75312020000400013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización del síndrome de cascanueces]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization of Nutcracker Syndrome]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano Canto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eugenia María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandalio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz Zayas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niurka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campañá Cobas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oramis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Severino Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico Universitario &#8220;William Soler&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-75312020000400013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-75312020000400013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-75312020000400013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: El síndrome de cascanueces es una anomalía vascular poco buscada y diagnosticada, por su baja incidencia y por la dificultad de sospecharla ante manifestaciones clínicas frecuentes.  Objetivo: Examinar las características clínicas e imagenológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con el síndrome de cascanueces.  Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo y prospectivo en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario &#8220;William Soler&#8221; entre enero de 2013 - diciembre de 2017. Cuando se sospechó el síndrome se realizó ultrasonido buscando la dilatación de la vena renal izquierda y el ángulo de salida de la arteria mesentérica superior. En 7 de los pacientes se realizó angio-TAC. Se revisaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, de laboratorio e imagenológicas.  Presentación de los casos: Del total de 9 pacientes en que se diagnosticó la anomalía vascular, 6 (66,7 %) pertenecen al sexo masculino. La edad media al diagnóstico fue 11,4 años (rango: 7-15). Se diagnosticó cascanueces anterior en 7 (77,7 %), posterior en 1 (11,1 %) y síndrome de Wilkie con fenómeno cascanueces asociado en 1 (11,1%). En el 100 % de los casos hubo dolor abdominal o lumbar, asociado a hematuria en 4, orinas espumosas en 4 y varicocele izquierdo en 2 de los 6 varones (33,3 %).  Conclusiones: El síndrome de cascanueces debe buscarse en los pacientes que presentan dolor abdominal, lumbar o en flanco izquierdo en forma recurrente, episodios de hematuria recurrente o proteinuria ortostática. En el varón con varicocele izquierdo debe descartarse esta posibilidad. El fenómeno cascanueces, puede diagnosticarse cuando se investiga al paciente por causa no relacionada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a vascular anomaly which is rarely searched and diagnosed due to its low incidence and because of the difficulty to suspect on it among other frequent clinical manifestations.  Objective:  To examine clinical and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with NCS.  Methods:  Descriptive, retrospective and prospective study in patients admitted in &#8220;William Soler&#8221; University Pediatric Hospital in the period from January, 2013 to December, 2017. When it was suspected the presence of the syndrome, it was made an ultrasound looking for dilation of the left renal vein and the output angle of the superior mesenteric artery. In 7 patients it was made an angio-TAC. The epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and imaging variables were reviewed.  Presentation of cases:  From the total of 9 patients diagnosed with a vascular anomaly; 6 (66,7%) were males. The mean age was 11,4 years (range 7-15 years). It was diagnosed front NCS in 7 patients (77.7%), back NCS in 1 patient (11.1%) and Wilkie syndrome with associated NCS in 1 patient (11.1%). 100% of the cases presented abdominal or lumbar pain related to hematuria (4 patients), foaming urine (4 patients) and left varicocele in 2 of the male patients (33.3%).  Conclusions:  Nutcracker syndrome should be searched in patients presenting frequent abdominal, lumbar or left side pain, recurrent hematuria or orthostatic proteinuria episodes. In males with left varicocele should be discounted this possibility. Nutcracker phenomenon can be also diagnosed when the patient is being investigated due to not related causes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome de cascanueces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenómeno cascanueces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome de Wilkie]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico imagenológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutcracker syndrome (NCS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nutcracker Phenomenon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Wilkie syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[imaging diagnosis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sriajjakul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prapaisilp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bangchokdee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imaging features of vascular compression in abdomen]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fantasy, phenomenon or true syndrome, Indian J Radiol Imaging]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>216-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korkes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutcracker syndrome How are we cracking the nuts and whose nuts are cracking?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Braz J Urol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>788-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dellavedona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Síndrome de cascanueces: Comunicación de un caso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Mex Urol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>51-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgarejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zegarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hematuria macroscópica persistente causada por el síndrome de cascanueces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Hered,]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>34-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Schepper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[J Belge]]></article-title>
<collab>"Nutcracker" phenomenon of the renal vein and venous pathology of the left kidney</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Radiol]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>507-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Canto Perunera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaquero Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallina-Victorero Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Salgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicente Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recurrent hematuria caused by nutcracker syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>e15-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abdom]]></article-title>
<collab>Left renal vein compression as cause for varicocele: Prevalence and associated finding on contrast-enhance CT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Imaging,]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>3147-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudloff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faust]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moldwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mesoaortic compression of the renal vein (nutcracker syndrome) Case report and review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>120-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ekwenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casillas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciancio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inverted nutcracker syndrome A case of persistent hematuria and flank pain in presence of left-side inferior vena cava]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific World J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>1301-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurklinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rooke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutcracker phenomenon and nutcracker syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mayo Clin Proc]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>552-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vianello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MBM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peeters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fossali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianchetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Micro- and macroscopic hematuria caused by renal vein entrapment Systematic review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>175-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana de la Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goic Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarca Diaz de la Espina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villanueva Liñán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pinza aorto mesentérica, dos patologías en una poster S-0966]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Congreso SERAN]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Saadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamkhandikar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A rare case of coexisting superior mesenteric artery syndrome and nutcracker phenomenon Sultan Qaboos Univ Med]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>e368-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarenga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinheira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Weight loss can be a problem, weight gain can be a solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GE Port J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>43-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome combined with renal nutcracker syndrome in a young child A case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>253-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Oseguera de Rodriguez EJ.Hernández-Villegas AC.Serralde-Zúñiga AE.Reyes-Ramírez ALDC</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The two sides of superior mesenteric artery syndrome Conservative or surgical treatment?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Hosp]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>97-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clin]]></article-title>
<collab>An ultrasonographic classification for diverse clinical symptoms of pediatric nutcracker phenomenon</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>47-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Love]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gross hematuria caused by nutcracker syndrome and segmental pseudoaneurism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Urol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>7445-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bechmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[idiopathic renal vein varices: Incidence and signification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<page-range>649-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berthelot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dovane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maugars]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frampas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutcracker syndrome A rare cause of left flank pain that can also manifest as unexplained pelvic pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Join Bone Spine]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>557-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brairhwaite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transperitoneal laparoscopic left gonadal ligation can be right treatment option for pelvis congestion secondary to nutcracker syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vascular Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>238-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unlu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orguc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pekindil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pobascu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation of renal venous flow in varicocele formation using color Doppler sonography with enfasis on renal vein entrapment syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Urol Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>42-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coolsaet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ureteric pathology in relation to right and left gonadal veins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urology]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>40-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulsberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLoney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Partovi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimally invasive treatment for venous compression syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cardiovasc Diagn Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>582-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renal Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>172</volume>
<page-range>135-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganguli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghoshhajra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prabhakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imaging of venous compression syndrome, Cardiovasc Diagn]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>519-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoedear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Ramli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laparoscopic management of a complicated case of Wilkie´s syndrome A case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Surg Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>177-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaraket]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelsayed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deeb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wilkie´s syndrome A rare cause of intestinal obstruction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>S330</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unal Daphan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karadeniz Bilgili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome accompanying with nutcracker syndrome: A case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iran Red Crescent J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>16:e14755</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahmood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An easily missed diagnosis Flank pain an nutcracker syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2013</volume>
<page-range>bcr2012009447</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutcracker syndrome An update on current diagnostic criteria and management guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>886-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stent migration after endovascular stenting in patients with nutcracker syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>193-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A stranger in the heart LRV stent migration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urol Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>427-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Itoga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transposition of the left renal vein for the treatment of nutcracker syndrome in children: A short-term experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>e5-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campañá Cobas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abradelo Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz Zayas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Síndrome de cascanueces, a propósito de dos casos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
