<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7531</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Pediatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Pediatr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7531</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-75312021000100012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Metabolismo e importancia de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en la gestación y lactancia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Metabolism and importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy and lactation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuartas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sociedad Argentina de Lípidos Grupo Dislipidemias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Buenos Aires]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Carrera de Médico Especialista en Pediatría y Docente Libre ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Buenos Aires]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-75312021000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-75312021000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-75312021000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Los ácidos grasos polinsaturados de cadena larga son esenciales en la nutrición del feto y del recién nacido.  Objetivo:  Examinar la importancia de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados durante el embarazo y la lactancia, para destacar los requerimientos, las recomendaciones y fuentes alimentarias.  Métodos:  Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura internacional de los últimos 15 años en bases de datos, en español y en inglés. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: embarazo, lactancia, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, omega 3/6, fuentes y requerimientos. Se identificaron los aspectos más relevantes y controversiales.  Resultados: El ácido araquidónico y docosahexaenoico influyen sobre el perfil lipídico, la sensibilidad a la insulina, la proliferación y diferenciación de los preadipocitos. Sus concentraciones durante la gestación resultan uno de los principales factores responsables de la programación fetal, que son las adaptaciones metabólicas que condicionan la evolución de la salud futura. Concentraciones óptimas de ácidos grasos omega 3 y 6 son vitales para el desarrollo neurológico del feto y del recién nacido. La funcionalidad de la placenta puede afectar la adiposidad y los niveles fetales de nutrientes clave, como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga.  Conclusiones:  La dieta es uno de los principales factores ambientales durante la gestación. La lactancia materna es la mejor alternativa nutricional durante el primer año de vida, por eso es fundamental promocionarla. Es importante ofrecer una asistencia adecuada y generar estrategias que estimulen el consumo de ácidos omega-3 como una herramienta de prevención a largo plazo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential in the nutrition of the fetus and newborns.  Objective:  Examine the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation to highlight food requirements, recommendations and sources.  Methods:  A systematic review of the international literature of the last 15 years was carried out in databases, in Spanish and English, using the following keywords: pregnancy, lactation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega 3/6, sources and requirements. The most relevant and controversial aspects were identified.  Results:  Arachydonic and docosahexaenoic acid influence lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes. Their levels during gestation are one of the main factors responsible for fetal programming that are metabolic adaptations conditioning the evolution of future health. Optimal levels of omega-3 and 6 fatty acids are vital for the neurological development of the fetus and newborn. Placenta´s functionality can affect adiposity and fetal levels of key nutrients, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.  Conclusions:  Diet is one of the main environmental factors during gestation. Breastfeeding is the best nutritional alternative during the first year of life, which is why it is essential to promote it. It is important to provide adequate assistance and generate strategies that stimulate the consumption of omega-3 acids as a long-term prevention tool.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácidos poliinsaturados omega 3 y 6]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[embarazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lactancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[requerimientos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Polyunsaturated acids omega 3 and 6]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pregnancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lactation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[requirements]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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