<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0253-9276</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad de La Habana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[UH]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-9276</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Publicaciones Académicas de la Universidad de La Habana (Editorial UH) ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-92762019000100334</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La polarización política durante la administración Obama]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Political Polarization in the Obama Years]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana Centro de Estudios Hemisféricos y Sobre Estados Unidos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>287</numero>
<fpage>334</fpage>
<lpage>362</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-92762019000100334&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-92762019000100334&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-92762019000100334&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En este trabajo se propone una definición de polarización política en Estados Unidos con dos componentes clave: su condición de proceso y la centralidad de la diferenciación, donde la proximidad de los polos a los extremos de la distribución es un caso límite. Se definen también algunas expresiones específicas de polarización a nivel de elite, masas y partidos. Sobre esa base, se examinan datos provenientes de reportes acerca de preferencias políticas y de la Biblioteca del Congreso sobre la actividad legislativa durante la administración Obama. De ellos se hace evidente la diferenciación de posiciones en torno a los temas esenciales del periodo entre grupos de población identificados como liberales-demócratas y conservadores-republicanos, en una distribución claramente bimodal, que se refleja en una reducción de la producción legislativa, como consecuencia de la reducción de los compromisos bipartidistas en un ambiente polarizado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In this paper I propose a definition of political polarization in United States with two core ideas: polarization as a process, and differentiation as a central feature, where the location of the poles in the extremes of a distribution is a limit case. I also propose a definition of elite polarization, mass polarization and partisan polarization as specific expressions of the process. On this base I examine data published in reports on political preferences and on legislative activity in the Obama years. The information makes apparent the degree of differentiation of political positions on core issues between liberals-democrats and conservatives-republicans. It shows a clear bimodal behavior that reflects on a reduction of the legislative production, as a consequence of a reduction in bipartisan commitments in a polarized environment.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[partidismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Conflict]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Congress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Partisanship]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
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