<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0289</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0289</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-02892020000300002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndromes mielodisplásicos, más allá de los hipometilantes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Myelodysplastic syndromes: beyond hypomethylating agents]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma D]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo Puentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hany Janet]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico &#8220;Joaquín Albarrán&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-02892020000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-02892020000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-02892020000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  El comportamiento heterogéneo de los síndromes mielodisplásicos, así como los progresos en los últimos años en el campo de la genética y la biología molecular, han provocado la aparición de múltiples investigaciones con diferentes enfoques terapéuticos. Los agentes hipometilantes son hasta el momento el tratamiento estándar para esta entidad, pero desafortunadamente no son efectivos en el 100 % de los casos y la duración de su respuesta es variable.  Objetivo:  Analizar las opciones terapéuticas actuales para el tratamiento de los síndromes mielodisplásicos.  Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, en inglés y español, a través del sitio web PubMed y el motor de búsqueda Google académico de artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años. Se hizo un análisis y resumen de la bibliografía revisada.  Análisis y síntesis de la información:  Actualmente existen múltiples opciones de tratamiento, la mayor parte dirigidos contra los eventos epigenéticos fundamentales: la hipermetilación, la modificación de las histonas diacetilasa y la activación de la respuesta inmune citotóxica contra clones anormales. Sin embargo, como no se ha establecido una única alteración, los tratamientos en la mayoría de los protocolos se adaptan al riesgo, incluyen un número reducido de casos y los resultados son limitados.  Conclusiones: Se considera que una posible solución es dirigir el tratamiento a la alteración específica con base en las alteraciones moleculares y la medicina de precisión, fundamentalmente en los pacientes refractarios o en recaída postratamiento con los actuales agentes hipometilantes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  The heterogeneous characteristics of myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as the progress in recent years in the field of genetics and molecular biology, have led to the appearance of multiple investigations with different therapeutic approaches. Hypomethylating agents are so far the standard treatment for this entity, but unfortunately they are not effective in 100% of cases and the duration of their response is variable.  Objective:  To analyze current therapeutic options for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes.  Methods:  A literature review was carried out, in English and Spanish, through the PubMed website and the Google Scholar search engine, for articles published in the last five years. An analysis and summary of the revised bibliography was carried out.  Information analysis and synthesis:  Currently, there are multiple treatment options, most of which are directed against fundamental epigenetic events: hypermethylation, modification of histone diacetylase, and activation of the cytotoxic immune response against abnormal clones. However, as long as a single alteration has not been established, treatments, in most protocols, are adapted to risk and include a small number of cases, while their outcomes are limited.  Conclusions:  It is considered that a possible solution is to direct treatment to specific alteration based on molecular alterations and precision medicine, fundamentally in refractory or relapsed patients after treatment with current hypomethylating agents.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndromes mielodisplásicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agentes hipometilantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nuevas opciones terapéuticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[myelodysplastic syndromes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypomethylating agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[new therapeutic options]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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