<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0864-0300</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0864-0300</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ECIMED]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0864-03002021000500005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividad antibacteriana del extracto etanólico de Plantago major frente a Streptococcus mutans]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antibacterial activity of Plantago major ethanolic extract against Streptococcus mutans]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Tito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tello Salgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antony Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Privada de Tacna Escuela Profesional de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tacna]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Práctica Privada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tacna]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0864-03002021000500005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0864-03002021000500005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0864-03002021000500005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Las propiedades antibacterianas de Plantago major frente a microorganismos orales no se ha estudiado ampliamente.  Objetivo:  Identificar los metabolitos secundarios presentes en el extracto etanólico de Plantago major y determinar su actividad antibacteriana frente a Streptococcus mutans.  Métodos:  Se prepararon concentraciones del 25 %, 50 %, 75 % y 100 % de extracto etanólico (EE) de Plantago major. Se cargaron seis discos de papel con 10 µL, 15 µL, 20 µL y 25 µL de cada concentración, haciendo un total de 96 discos. Los discos fueron colocados en placas Petri con agar cerebro-corazón inoculadas con Streptococcus mutans, se empleó clorhexidina al 0,12 % como control positivo. Se calcularon seis repeticiones para cada concentración. Las placas fueron incubadas a 37 °C por 48 horas. La medición de los halos de inhibición se realizó con un compás digital. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba ANOVA de un factor seguido por la prueba post hoc de Tukey.  Resultados:  El análisis químico del extracto etanólico de Plantago major identificó la presencia de terpenos, diterpenos, saponinas, terpenoidales y aceites esenciales. Las concentraciones del 25 % y 50 % no mostraron efecto antibacteriano, los volúmenes mayores de 20 µL de la concentración del 75 % y todas los del 100 % fueron efectivos para inhibir el crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans con halos de inhibición de 8,36 mm a 14,64 mm. La clorhexidina al 0,12 % inhibió el crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans con halos de inhibición de 17,77 mm en promedio, presentando diferencias significativas con todas las concentraciones del extracto etanólico de Plantago major (P &lt; 0,05).  Conclusiones:  El extracto etanólico de Plantago major presentó derivados de los terpenos y saponinas, y mostró actividad antibacteriana frente a Streptococcus mutans en volúmenes y concentraciones mayores a 20 µL/75 %.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  The antibacterial properties of Plantago major against oral microorganisms have not been widely studied.  Objective:  Identify the secondary metabolites present in an ethanolic extract of Plantago major and determine their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.  Methods:  The Plantago major ethanolic extract (EE) was prepared at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Six paper discs were loaded with 10 µl, 15 µl, 20 µl and 25 µl of each concentration, for a total 96 discs, which were then placed on Petri plates with brain heart agar inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. The positive control was 0.12% chlorhexidine. Six replicates were estimated for each concentration. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours. Inhibition haloes were measured with a digital caliper. Statistical analysis was based on one-factor ANOVA testing followed by Tukey's post hoc test.  Results:  Chemical analysis of the Plantago major ethanolic extract identified the presence of terpenes, diterpenes, saponins, terpenoids and essential oils. The 25% and 50% concentrations did not display an antibacterial effect, whereas volumes above 20 µl of the 75% concentration and all 100% volumes were effective to inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth with inhibition haloes of 8.36 mm to 14.64 mm. 0.12% chlorhexidine inhibited Streptococcus mutans with inhibition haloes of 17.77 mm on average, presenting significant differences with all the concentrations of the Plantago major ethanolic extract (p &lt; 0.05).  Conclusions:  The Plantago major ethanolic extract was found to contain terpene and saponin derivatives, and displayed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans at volumes and concentrations above 20 µl / 75 %.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agentes antibacterianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plantago major]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Streptococcus mutans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibacterial agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plantago major]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Streptococcus mutans]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najafian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farshchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feyzabadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plantago major in traditional Persian medicine and modern phytotherapy: A narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electron Physician]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>6390-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mutalabisin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kudos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MBA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulaiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MWAW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>348-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Genc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dereli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FTG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saracoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akkol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The inhibitory effects of isolated constituents from Plantago major subsp. major L. on collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes: Potential wound heale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Saudi Pharm J]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>101-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samuelsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ethnopharmacol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>1-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesantes-Sangay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calla-Poma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Requena-Mendizabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvino-Vales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millones-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical composition and antibacterial effect of Plantago major extract on periodontal pathogens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzutti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CAS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SRS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Green-based methods to obtain bioactive extracts from Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Supercritical Fluids]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>211-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinmetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chin Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saborío]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Descripción anatómica, propiedades medicinales y uso potencial de Plantago major (llantén mayor)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>17-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koohsari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghaemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadegh Sheshpoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jahedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zahiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The investigation of antibacterial activity of selected native plants from North of Iran]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Life]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>38-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kajfasz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abranches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Biology of Streptococcus mutans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiol Spectr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moynihan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sugars and Dental Caries: Evidence for Setting a Recommended Threshold for Intake]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>149-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daliri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial etiology and prevention of dental caries: exploiting natural products to inhibit cariogenic biofilms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pathogens]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>569</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moromi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plantas medicinales: Efecto antibacteriano in vitro de Plantago major L, Erythroxylum novogranatense, Plowman var truxillense y Camellia sinensis sobre bacterias de importancia estomatológica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Odontol Sanmarquina]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>21-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efecto Inhibitorio, in vitro, del extracto de Plantago major (llantén) frente a las cepas de Streptococcus mutans, Trujillo, año 2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica Los Ángeles Chimbote]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saboora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sajjadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibacterial activity of different composition of aglycone and glycosidic saponins from tuber of Cyclamen coum Miller]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Crops and Products]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>140</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MCC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fronza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibacterial activity of terpenes and terpenoids present in essential oils]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecules]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>2471</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharifa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iswadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khairul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul Halim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamaludin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extract of Plantago major on gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacateria and yeast]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Microscopy]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>42-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
