<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1025-0255</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch méd Camagüey]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1025-0255</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1025-02552023000100065</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pandemias y epidemias ocasionadas por agentes biológicos: un gran azote para la humanidad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pandemics and epidemics caused by biological agents: a great scourge for humanity]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Obdulia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Roque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ania Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reinaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Néstor Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Hospital Manuel Fajardo Rivero Departamento Docencia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Hospital Manuel Fajardo Rivero Departamento Higiene y Epidemiología Hospitalaria]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Hospital Manuel Fajardo Rivero Servicio Medicina Interna]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Hospital Manuel Fajardo Rivero Servicio Pediatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1025-02552023000100065&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1025-02552023000100065&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1025-02552023000100065&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: Las pandemias y epidemias son acontecimientos mundiales de la sociedad humana, que expresan gran catástrofe y desolación, acompañadas de elevada letalidad y repercusión marcada en los servicios de salud. Han diezmado sociedades, de forma similar a las guerras, pero contribuyen al surgimiento de avances en las ciencias.  Objetivo:  Describir las características y peculiaridades de las pandemias y epidemias ocurridas en diferentes épocas de la historia, en el contexto de la salud pública y su gran repercusión social.  Métodos:  Se utilizaron las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, sitios web de la OMS y la OPS, además de otras fuentes y recursos de información disponibles en Internet a las cuales se accedieron por medio del buscador web de Google. En la elaboración de la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el vocabulario controlado de los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud. Los términos utilizados fueron: pandemia, epidemia, plaga, peste, vacuna. Se recuperaron 40 artículos y documentos científicos que se seleccionaron dada su pertinencia para la investigación.  Conclusiones:  Las pandemias y epidemias requieren medidas de promoción de salud que estimulen un adecuado saneamiento ambiental, la disponibilidad del agua potable, correcto lavado de las manos, así como prevenir la expansión del contagio y la disminución de los riesgos que implican el cambio climático, la falta de control de los vectores y la pobreza entre otras, para contribuir a disminuir la morbi-mortalidad. La carencia de estrategias preventivas, obliga a desarrollar centros especializados para producir vacunas, que garanticen la protección específica de poblaciones susceptibles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Pandemics and epidemics are global events in human society, which express great catastrophe and desolation, accompanied by high lethality and marked repercussions on health services. They have decimated societies, similar to wars, but they contribute to the emergence of advances in the sciences.  Objective: To describe the characteristics and peculiarities of pandemics and epidemics that occurred at different times in history, in the context of public health and its great social impact.  Methods: The SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar databases, WHO and PAHO websites and other sources and information resources available on the Internet were used, which were accessed through the Google web browser. In the elaboration of the search strategy, the controlled vocabulary of the Descriptors in Health Sciences was used. The terms used were: pandemic, epidemic, rinderpest, plague, vaccine. 40 scientific articles and documents were retrieved and selected given their relevance for the investigation.  Conclusions: Pandemics and epidemics require health promotion measures that stimulate adequate environmental sanitation, the availability of drinking water, correct hand washing, as well as preventing the spread of contagion and reducing the risks implied by climate change, lack of vector control and poverty among others, to contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality. The lack of preventive strategies forces the development of specialized centers to produce vaccines that guarantee the specific protection of susceptible populations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FACTORES BIOLÓGICOS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PANDEMIAS/historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[EPIDEMIAS/historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SERVICIOS PREVENTIVOS DE SALUD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BIOLOGICAL FACTORS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PANDEMICS/history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EPIDEMICS/history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HEALTH PROMOTION]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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