<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1025-028X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Vaccimonitor]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1025-028X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Finlay Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1025-028X2000000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Marcadores epidemiológicos de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis aisladas en Cuba durante el período 1985 a 1992]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Epidemiological markers of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Cuba during the 1985-1992 period]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eddy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niurys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotolongo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gaspar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caugant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dominique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginebra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nidia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Finlay  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Pedro Kourí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute for Public Health  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Oslo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Noruega</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Biología. Universidad de La Habana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1025-028X2000000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1025-028X2000000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1025-028X2000000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Para estudiar la variabilidad genética y estructura poblacional de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis aisladas en brotes y epidemias se utilizan actualmente marcadores genotípicos, que brindan una información más completa sobre la epidemiología de la enfermedad meningocócica (EM) y complementan la caracterización obtenida por otros marcadores utilizados tradicionalmente. El seguimiento epidemiológico de esta enfermedad es una importante tarea a desarrollar por el Instituto Finlay. Con este propósito se estudiaron 91 cepas epidémicas aisladas en el transcurso de los años 1985 a 1992. La identificación de género, especie y serogrupos se realizó por técnicas convencionales y en la clasificación de serosubtipos se empleó un ELISA de células enteras con anticuerpos monoclonales (AcMs). Se estudió además la sensibilidad y resistencia antimicrobiana a penicilina, cloranfenicol, sulfadiacina sódica, ciprofloxacina, rifampicina y ceftriaxona y se investigó por primera vez en nuestro país, el estudio de 14 enzimas obtenidas de lisados de las cepas. Se encontraron 26 tipos electroforéticos (ETs) entre las cepas cubanas, con predominio de los complejos ET-5 (67,0%) y A4 (3,3%). Sólo se detectó al serogrupo B, con predominio de los serotipos 4 (67,0%) y 15 (27,5%), junto a los subtipos P1.15, P1.10 y P1.16. La susceptibilidad intermedia (SI) a penicilina y resistencia (R) a sulfadiacina sódica fue del 80,0% y 42,8% respectivamente, al resto de las drogas todas las cepas se mostraron sensibles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Genotypic markers, that give a more complete information on the epidemiology of meningococcal disease (MD) and complement the characterization obtained with the other traditional markers, are used to study the genetic variability and population structure of Neissseria meningitidis strains isolated in outbursts and epidemics. The epidemiological follow-up of the disease is an important task carried out by Finlay Institute. For this purpose 91 epidemic strains isolated from 1985 to 1992 were studied. The identification by genus, species and serogroups was carried out by conventional techniques and, for the classification in sero/subtypes, a whole-cell ELISA with monoclonal antibodies (AcMs) was used. Sensitivity and resistance against penicillin, chloramphenicol, sodium sulphadiazine, ciproflaxin, rifampin and ceftriaxone and the study of 14 enzymes obtained from strain lysates was carried out for the first time in our country. Among the Cuban strains 26 electrophoretic types (ETs) were found with complexes ET-5 (67,0%) and A4 (3,3%) prevailing. Only serogroup B was detected with predominance of serotypes 4 (67,0%) and 15 (27,5%), together with subtypes P1.15, P1.10 and P1.16. Moderate. susceptibility (MS) to penicillin and resistance (R) to sodium sulphadiazine were respectively of 80,0 and 42,8%. All strains were sensitive to the rest of the drugs.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neisseria meningitidis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[serogrupos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[serotipos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[subtipos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tipos electroforéticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[susceptibilidad antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neisseria meningitidis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[serogroups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[serotypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subtypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electrophoretic types]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="right"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><b>ARTICULOS ORIGINALES</b></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Marcadores epidemiol&oacute;gicos de cepas de Neisseria    meningitidis aisladas en Cuba durante el per&iacute;odo 1985 a 1992.    <br> </strong></font></p>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="right"><font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Epidemiological markers of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Cuba during the 1985-1992 period.</strong></font></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Eddy Caro1, Isabel Mart&iacute;nez1, Mercedes Guti&eacute;rrez1, Niurys N&uacute;&ntilde;ez1, Luc&iacute;a Rodr&iacute;guez1, Franklin Sotolongo1, Jos&eacute;    Bravo2, Gaspar Loren3, Dominique Caugant4, M&oacute;nica Ginebra1, Nidia Rojas5.    <br> </strong></font></p>     <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1 Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n-Producci&oacute;n de Vacunas y Sueros. La Habana,Cuba.E-mail:<a href="emailto:isamartinez@finlay.edu.cu">isamartinez@finlay.edu.cu</a>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   2 Instituto Pedro Kour&iacute; (IPK). La Habana, Cuba.    <br>   3 Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Barcelona, Espa&ntilde;a.    <br>   4 National Institute for Public Health. Oslo, Noruega.    <br> 5 Facultad de Biolog&iacute;a. Universidad de La Habana, Cuba.</font></p> <hr>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Para estudiar la variabilidad gen&eacute;tica y estructura poblacional de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis aisladas en brotes y    epidemias se utilizan actualmente marcadores genot&iacute;picos, que brindan una informaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s completa sobre la    epidemiolog&iacute;a de la enfermedad meningoc&oacute;cica (EM) y complementan la caracterizaci&oacute;n obtenida por otros marcadores    utilizados tradicionalmente. El seguimiento epidemiol&oacute;gico de esta enfermedad es una importante tarea a desarrollar por el    Instituto Finlay. Con este prop&oacute;sito se estudiaron 91 cepas epid&eacute;micas aisladas en el transcurso de los a&ntilde;os 1985 a 1992.    <br>   La identificaci&oacute;n de g&eacute;nero, especie y serogrupos se realiz&oacute; por t&eacute;cnicas convencionales y en la clasificaci&oacute;n de    <br>   serosubtipos se emple&oacute; un ELISA de c&eacute;lulas enteras con anticuerpos monoclonales (AcMs). Se estudi&oacute; adem&aacute;s la    sensibilidad y resistencia antimicrobiana a penicilina, cloranfenicol, sulfadiacina s&oacute;dica, ciprofloxacina, rifampicina y    ceftriaxona y se investig&oacute; por primera vez en nuestro pa&iacute;s, el estudio de 14 enzimas obtenidas de lisados de las cepas. Se    encontraron 26 tipos electrofor&eacute;ticos (ETs) entre las cepas cubanas, con predominio de los complejos ET-5 (67,0%) y A4    (3,3%). S&oacute;lo se detect&oacute; al serogrupo B, con predominio de los serotipos 4 (67,0%) y 15 (27,5%), junto a los subtipos P1.15,    P1.10 y P1.16. La susceptibilidad intermedia (SI) a penicilina y resistencia (R) a sulfadiacina s&oacute;dica fue del 80,0% y 42,8% respectivamente, al resto de las drogas todas las cepas se mostraron sensibles.    <br> </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Neisseria meningitidis, serogrupos, serotipos, subtipos, tipos electrofor&eacute;ticos, susceptibilidad    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   antimicrobiana    <br> </font></p> <hr>     <p>  <font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Genotypic markers, that give a more complete information on the epidemiology of meningococcal disease (MD) and complement the    characterization obtained with the other traditional markers, are used to study the genetic variability and population structure of    Neissseria meningitidis strains isolated in outbursts and epidemics. The epidemiological follow-up of the disease is an important task    carried out by Finlay Institute. For this purpose 91 epidemic strains isolated from 1985 to 1992 were studied. The identification by    genus, species and serogroups was carried out by conventional techniques and, for the classification in sero/subtypes, a whole-cell    ELISA with monoclonal antibodies (AcMs) was used. Sensitivity and resistance against penicillin, chloramphenicol, sodium    sulphadiazine, ciproflaxin, rifampin and ceftriaxone and the study of 14 enzymes obtained from strain lysates was carried out for the    first time in our country. Among the Cuban strains 26 electrophoretic types (ETs) were found with complexes ET-5 (67,0%) and A4    (3,3%) prevailing. Only serogroup B was detected with predominance of serotypes 4 (67,0%) and 15 (27,5%), together with    subtypes P1.15, P1.10 and P1.16. Moderate. susceptibility (MS) to penicillin and resistance (R) to sodium sulphadiazine were    respectively of 80,0 and 42,8%. All strains were sensitive to the rest of the drugs.    <br>   </font></p>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Neisseria meningitidis, serogroups, serotypes, subtypes, electrophoretic types.</font></p> <hr>     <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">texto completo en pdf</font></p>     <P  ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>REFERENCIAS</B> </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1.WHO. Control of Epidemic Meningococcal Disease. WHO Practical Guidelines. Second Edition. Geneva, 1998. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2. Frasch CE, Zollinger WD, Poolman JT. Serotypes antigens of Neisseria meningitidis and a proposed scheme for designation of serotypes. Rev Infect Dis. 1985; 7:504. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3. Sa&eacute;z-Nieto JA. Resistencia a antimicrobianos en meningococo. Bolet&iacute;n Microbiol&oacute;gico Semanal. LNRM. Majadahonda. 1989:11-12. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">4. Caugant DA. Populations genetics and molecular epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis. APMIS. 1998;106:505-525. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">5. Abdillahi H and Poolman JT. Wole-Cell ELISA for typing Neisseria meningitidis with monoclonal antibodies. FEMS Microbiol Letters. 1987;48: 367-371. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">6. National Committee from Clinical Laboratory Standard. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically. Americans National Standards Institute, 1997. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7. Sotolongo F, Patton AS, Mart&iacute;nez I, Sampedro MC, Malberty JA, Garc&iacute;a AM et al. Neisseria meningitidis. Aspectos teorico-pr&aacute;cticos sobre el diagn&oacute;stico, clasificaci&oacute;n y valoraci&oacute;n de la respuesta inmune. Serie Monogr&aacute;fica. Ediciones Finlay. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. 1995. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">8. Selander RK, Caugant DA, Ochamn H, Musser JM, Gilmour MN, Whittan TS. Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial populations genetics and systematics. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986;51:873-884. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">9. Fust&eacute; MC, Pineda MA, Palomar JM, Vi&ntilde;as M, Loren JG. Clonality of multidrug resistant nontypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 2760-2765. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">10. Smith MJ, Smith NH, O' Rourke M, Spratt BG. How clonal are bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86:8988-8992. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">11. Valc&aacute;rcel NM, Rodr&iacute;guez CR, Molinert HT. La Enfermedad Meningoc&oacute;cica en Cuba, Cronolog&iacute;a de una epidemia. ECIMED. Cuba, 1991. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">12. Mart&iacute;nez I, Patton AS, Sotolongo F, Llop A, Sosa J. Caracterizaci&oacute;n de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis grupo B. Acta Cient&iacute;fica SVBE 1996;3(1):31-34. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">13. MINSAP. Principales indicadores y otros datos de salud. Programa de Prevenci&oacute;n y Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles. MINSAP. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. 1998:21-23. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">14. Iv&oacute;n M. Ensayo de una nueva metodolog&iacute;a en la b&uacute;squeda de portadores de Neisseria meningitidis. Trabajo para optar por el T&iacute;tulo de Especialista de Primer Grado en Microbiolog&iacute;a, IPK-Instituto Finlay, La Habana, Cuba. 1998. </font>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">15. Caugant DA, Froholm LO, Selander RK, Bovre K. Sulfonamide resistance in Neisseria meningitidis isolates of clones of ET-5 complex. APMIS:9. 1987:425-428. </font>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">16. Mart&iacute;nez I, Patton AS, Sotolongo F, Llop A, Sosa J. Caracterizaci&oacute;n de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo B. Acta Cient&iacute;fica SVBE 1994;3(1):31-34. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">17. Sa&eacute;z-Nieto JA, Lujan R, Sonsoles B, Campos J, Vi&ntilde;as M, Fust&eacute; C et al. Epidemiology and molecular basis of penicillin resistant Neisseria meningitidis in Spain: A 5-year history (1985-1989). CID 1992;14:394-402. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">18. Caugant DA, Bol P, Hoyby EA, Zanen HC, Froholm LO. Clones of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis causing systemic disease in The Netherlands, 1958-1986. J Infect Dis 1990;162:867-874. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">19. Jackson LA and Wenger JD. Laboratory based surveillance for meningococcal disease in selected areas, United States, 1989-1991. MMWR 1993;42:21-30. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">20. Caugant DA, Mocca LF, Frasch CE, Froholm LO, Zollinger WD, Selander RK. Genetic structure of Neisseria meningitides populations in relation to serogroup, serotype and outer membrane protein patter. J. Bacteriol. 1987; 169:2781-2791. </font>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">21. Caugant DA, Froholm LO, Sacchi CT, Selander RK. Genetic structure and epidemiology of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. In: Achtman M. Kohl P, Marchal C, Morelli G, Seiler A, Thiensen B. eds. Neisseriae 1990. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1991:37-42.</font>    <p>&nbsp; </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
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