Papel de los anticuerpos en la protección contra micobacterium tuberculosis.

Role of antibodies in protecting against Micobacterium tuberculosis.

Nesty Olivares1, Ailín Vila1, Aniel Moya1, María Elena Sarmientos1, Armando Acosta1, Norazmi Mohd2

1. Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigación – Producción de Vacunas. Ave.27 No. 19805. La Lisa.A.P.16017,C.P. 11600, Ciudad de La Habana.Cuba. Email:nolivares@finlay.edu.cu
2. School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.

RESUMEN

Convencionalmente se asume que la defensa del hospedero contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis se basa en los mecanismos de inmunidad celular exclusivamente y se descarta el papel de los anticuerpos en la protección. En este trabajo se analizan evidencias recientes que retan este dogma y sugieren la importancia de considerar la manipulación de la respuesta inmune humoral como una alternativa en la investigación de vacunas contra la tuberculosis.

Palabras claves: Tuberculosis, anticuerpos, vacunas.

Conventional thinking generally assumes that host defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exclusively rely on cellular defense mechanisms and the role of antibodies in protecting against infection is ruled out. This work shows current evidences that change this dogma and suggest to consider the eliciting of the Humoral Immune Response as an alternative in vaccine research against Tuberculosis.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Antibodies, Vaccines.

Texto completo formato PDF

REFERENCIAS

1. Andersen P. Host responses and antigens involved in protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 1997;45:115-131.
2. Orme IM, Cooper AM. Cytokine/chemokine cascades in immunity to Tuberculosis. Immunol Today 1999;7:23-29.
3. Galman – Freedman A, Casadevall A. Serum therapy for Tuberculosis revised: reappraisal of the role of antibodymediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:514-532.
4. Lee E, Rikihisa Y. Anti- Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibody complexed with E. chaffeensis induces potent proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in human monocytes through sustained reduction of IpB-a and activation of NF-aB. Infect Immun 1997; 2890-97.
5. Winslow GM, Yager E, Shilo K, Volk E, Reilly A, Chu FK. Antibody - Mediated elimination of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. Ehrlichia chaffeensis during active infection. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2187-2195.
6. Glatman-Freedman. Advances in antibody mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: implications for a novel vaccine strategy. Immunol Med Microbiol 2003; 39:9-16.
7. Dromer F, Charreire J, Contrepois A, Carbon C, Yeni P. Protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis by anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun 1987;55:749-752.
8. Yuan R, Casadavall A, Spira G, Scharff MD. Isotype switching from IgG3 to IgG1 converts a nonprotective murine antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans into a protective antibody. J Immunol. 1995 15;(154):1810-6.
9. Del Poeta M. Role of phagocytosis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 2004; 3: 1067–1075.
10. Han Y, Riesselman MH, Cutler JE. Protection against candidiasis by an immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) monoclonal antibody specific for the same mannotriose as an IgM protective antibody. Infect Immun 2000;68:1649-54.
11. Mineo JR, Khan IA, Kasper LH. Toxoplasma gondii: a monoclonal antibody that inhibits intracellular replication. Exp Parasitol. 1994; 79:351-61.
12. Margaret A. Keller, Richard Stiehm. Passive Immunity in Prevention and Treatment of Infection Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 602-614.
13. Weltzin R, Monath TP. Intranasal Antibody Prophilaxis for proteccion against viral disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:383-393.
14. Manzanec MB, Kaetzel CS, Lamm ME, Fletcher D, Nedrud JG. Intracellular neutralization of virus by immunoglobulin a antibodies. Immunology 1992;89:6901-05.
15. Casadeval A, Scharff M.D. Return to the past: the for antibody based therapies in infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21:150-161.
16. Hawgood B J. Doctor Albert Calmette 1863-1933: founder of antivenomous serotherapy and of antituberculous BCG vaccination. Toxicon 1999; 37:1241-1258.
17. Vondermeier HM, Venkataprasad N, Harris DP, Ivanyi J. Increase of tuberculosis infection in the organs of B celldeficient mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol 1996; 106:312-316.
18. Cavalcante S, Kritski AL, Ferreira MA, Souza MA, Laszlo A, Werneck-Barrosdo EB, Fonseca LS. Association between an early humoral response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and later development of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1997;1:170-4.
19. Forget A, Benoit JC, Turcotte R, Gusew-Chartrand N. Enhancement activity of anti-mycobacterial sera in experimental Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) infection in mice. Infect Immun 1976;13:1301-1306.
20. Hussain R, Shiratsuchi H, Phillips M, ellner J, Wallis RS. Opsonizing antibodies (IgG1) up-regulate monocyte proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and IL-6 but not anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mycobacterial antigen-stimulated monocytes-implications for pathogenesis. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:210-18 .
21. Teitelbaum R, Glatman-Fredman A, Chen B, Robbins JB, Unanue E, Casadevall A, Bloom BR. A mAb recognizing a surface antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances host survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:15688-93.
22. Chan ED, Heifets L, Iseman MD. Immunologic diagnosis of tuberculosis: a review. Tuber Lung Dis 2000;30:131-140.
23. Kassa-Kellembho E, Kassa E, Zandanga G, Service YB, Ignaleamonko A, Talarmin A. Poor performance of a novel serological test for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Bangui, Central African Republic. Clin Vaccine Immunonol 2006 Jun;13(6):702-3.
24. Costello A M, Kumar A, Narayan V, Akbar MS, Ahmed S, Abou-Zeid C, Rook GAW, Stanford J, Moreno C. Does antibody to mycobacterial antigens, including lipoarabinomannan, limit dissemination in childhood tuberculosis? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1992; 86:686-692.
25. Ramaprasad P, Fernando A, Madhale S, Rao JR, Edwar VK, Samson PD, Klatser PR, de Wit MY, Smith WC, Cree IA. Transmission and protection in leprosy :indications of the role of mucosal immunity. Lepr Rev. 1997; 68:301-315.
26. Armstrong JA, Hart PD. Phagosome-lysosome interactions in cultured macrophages infected with virulent tubercle bacilli. Reversal of the usual non fusion pattern and observations on bacterial survival. J Exp Med 1975; 142:1-16.
27. Igietseme JU, Eko FO. Antibody regulation of T cell immunity: implications for vaccine strategies against intracellular pathogens. Vaccines 2004; 1:23-34.
28. Falero-Díaz G, Challacombe S, Rhaman D, Mistry M, Dougan G, Acosta A, Ivanyi J. Transmission of IgA and IgG monoclonal antibodies to mucosal fluids following intranasal or parenteral delivery. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol 2000; 122:143-150.
29. Williams A, Reljic R, Naylor I, Clark S, Falero-Diasz G, Singh M, Challacombe S, marsh PD, Ivanyi J. Passive protection with immunoglobulin A antibodies against tuberculosis early infection of the lungs. Immunology 2004; 11:328-333.
30. Reljic R, Clark SO, Williams A, Falero-Díaz G, Singh M, Challacombe S, Marsh PD, Ivanyi J. Intranasal IFNgamma extends passive IgA antibody protection of mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection. Clin Expe Immunol 2006;143:467-73.
31. Reljic R, Williams A, Ivanyi J. Mucosal immunotherapy of tuberculosis: is there a value in passive IgA? Tuberculosis 2006; 86:179-90.
32. Hamaasur B, Hailet M, Pawlowski A, Schroder U, Kallenius G, Svenson SB. A mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan specific monoclonal antibodiy and its F(ab´)2 fragment prolong survival of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2004 ;138:30-38.
33. Chambers MA, Gavier-Widén D, Hewinson RG. Antibody bound to the surface antigen MPB85 of Mycobacterium bovis enhances survival against high dose and low dose challenge. Immunol Med Microbiol;41:93-100.
34. Sanchez-Rodriguez C, Estrada-Chavez C, Garcia-Vigil J, Laredo-Sanchez F, Halabe-Cherem J, Pereira-Suarez A, Mancilla R. An IgG antibody response to the antigen 85 complex is associated with good outcome in Mexican Totonaca Indians with pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002;6:706-12.
35. Glatman-Freedman A, Mednick AJ, Lendvai N, Casadevall A. Clearance and organ distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in the presence and absence of LAMbinding immunoglobulin M. Infect Immun 2000; 68:335-41.
36. Pether K, Alonso S, Biet F, Delogu G, Brennan MJ, Locht C, Menozzi FD.The heparin-binding haemagglutinin of M. tuberculosis is required for extrapulmonary dissemination. Nature 2001;412:190-4.
37. de Valliere S, Abate G, Blazevic A, Heuertz RM, Hoft DF. Enhancement of innate and cell-mediated immunity by antimycobacterial antibodies. Infect Immun 2005;73:6711-20.
38. Roy E, Stavropoulos E, Brennan J, Coade S, Grigorieva E, Walker B, Dagg B, Tascon RE, Lowrie DB, Colston MJ, Jolles S. Therapeutic efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Infect Immun 2005;73:6101-9.
39. Acosta A, Olivares N, León A, López Y, Sarmiento ME, Cádiz A, Moya A, Falero G, Infante JF, Martínez M, Sierra G. A new approach to understand the defence mechanism against tuberculosis: role of specific antibodies. Biotecnología Aplicada 2003;20:130-133.
40. Olivares N, León Annette, López Y, Puig Alina, Cádiz A, Falero G, Martínez M, Sarmiento ME, Fariñas M, Infante JF, Sierra G, Solís RL, Acosta A. The effect of the administration of human gammaglobulins in a model of BCG infection in mice. Tuberculosis 2006;86:268-272.