<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1561-3003</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1561-3003</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias MédicasEditorial Ciencias Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1561-30032023000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Coinfección por helmintos y Mycobacteriumtuberculosis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Coinfection by Helminths and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domenech Cañete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ingrid]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginori Gilkes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María de los Ángeles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonte Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Latinoamericana de Ciencias Médicas (ELAM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Policlínico Universitario &#8220;Plaza de La Revolución&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Medicina Tropical &#8220;Pedro Kourí&#8221; (IPK)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1561-30032023000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1561-30032023000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1561-30032023000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Las infecciones por helmintos y Mycobacterium tuberculosis se superponen geográficamente, en particular en los países de ingresos económicos bajos y medianos, donde son altamente endémicas. En estos, la mayoría de las personas se infectan crónicamente por uno o ambos tipos de patógenos en etapas tempranas de sus vidas.  Objetivo:  Incursionar en los principales aspectos inmunológicos de la coinfección helmintos-M. tuberculosis y sus consecuencias para la progresión de la infección por M. tuberculosis y la vacunación contra la tuberculosis.  Métodos:  Revisión de artículos sobre inmunología, diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de las infecciones por helmintos y M. tuberculosis publicados entre 2010-2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline y Google Scholar. Se consultaron, además, algunas monografías y artículos originales fechados con anterioridad.  Análisis y síntesis de la información:  Durante la infección crónica por helmintos, la modulación de las respuestas inmunitarias Th2 y Tregs por parte de esos parásitos podría inhibir las respuestas inmunitarias Th1 y Th17 contra la infección por M. tuberculosis y conducir a su progresión desde la fase latente, de escasa expresión clínica, hasta la fase activa de la tuberculosis. La modulación inmune de los helmintos podría dar lugar a una respuesta deficiente a la vacunación con BCG. Resultados epidemiológicos demuestran que la inmunomodulación podría revertirse mediante tratamientos antihelmínticos.  Conclusiones:  En la infección crónica por helmintos, es importante considerar que la modulación de sus respuestas inmunitarias activa circuitos inmunorreguladores complejos que pueden conducir a formas graves de la tuberculosis en el hospedero y a respuesta deficiente a la vacunación con BCG.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Helminth and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections overlap geographically, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where they are highly endemic. There, most people are chronically infected by one or both types of pathogens early in their lives.  Objective: To explore the main immunological aspects of helminth-M tuberculosis coinfection and its consequences for the progression of M. tuberculosis infection and vaccination against tuberculosis.  Methods:  A review of articles on immunology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of helminth and M. tuberculosis infections was conducted on those published between 2010-2022 in PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. In addition, some previously dated original monographs and articles were consulted.  Analysis and synthesis of information:  During chronic helminth infection, modulation of Th2 and Treg immune responses by these parasites could inhibit Th1 and Th17 immune responses against M. tuberculosis infection and lead to its progression from the latent phase, with little clinical expression, to the active phase of tuberculosis. Immune modulation of helminths could lead to poor response to BCG vaccination. Epidemiological results show that immunomodulation could be reversed by anthelmintic treatments.  Conclusions:  In chronic helminth infection, it is important to consider that the modulation of their immune responses activates complex immunoregulatory circuits that can lead to severe forms of tuberculosis in the host and poor response to BCG vaccination.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[helmintos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[helmintosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunomodulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[BCG]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[helminths]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[helminthosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunomodulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BCG]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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