<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1684-1824</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Médica Electrónica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.Med.Electrón.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1684-1824</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1684-18242019000100142</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ácido fólico y embarazo, ¿beneficio o riesgo?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Folic acid and pregnancy, benefit or risk?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Ugalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Grecia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yasmín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Damarys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aralys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Matanzas]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>142</fpage>
<lpage>155</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1684-18242019000100142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1684-18242019000100142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1684-18242019000100142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El consumo de ácido fólico se ha relacionado con la disminución en la incidencia de malformaciones congénitas y deficiencias obstétricas, pero existen criterios de que no siempre su uso tiene los efectos favorables esperados para la madre y su descendencia. Con el objetivo de estructurar los presupuestos teóricos que sustentan el beneficio y el riesgo del consumo de ácido fólico para el embarazo, se realizó una búsqueda sobre el tema consultándose 37 referencias bibliográficas actualizadas. El ácido fólico ostenta dos grandes funciones en el organismo: la síntesis y reparación de los ácidos nucleicos, así como la síntesis del aminoácido metionina a partir de la homocisteina, esta última, al acumularse en el organismo se asocia a defectos congénitos y enfermedades crónicas del adulto. A partir de estos aspectos se corrobora que su consumo antes y durante el embarazo es beneficioso pues previene defectos del tubo neural, algunas cardiopatías congénitas, hendiduras bucofaciales, síndrome de Down, desórdenes del espectro autista, infecciones obstétricas, preeclampsia, hemorragia uterina, desprendimiento abrupto de la placenta, retardo del crecimiento intrauterino y prematuridad. El consumo excesivo de más de 5 mg/día se ha asociado a anemia por de&#64257;ciencia de vitamina B12, déficit de zinc, crecimiento intrauterino retardado y prematuridad; en modelos animales acelera la transformación maligna de tumores existentes. Se concluye que el ácido fólico contribuye a preservar una embriogénesis y placentación normal y no se han demostrado efectos adversos por su uso, pero debe ser consumido en la dosis adecuada y por prescripción médica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Acid folic intake has been related to the decrease in the incidence of congenital malformations and obstetric deficiencies but there are criteria about folic acid not always achieving the expected favorable results for mothers and their descendants. A search on the theme was carried out with the objective of structuring the theoretical assumptions upholding the benefit and risk of folic acid intake for pregnancy. 37 updated bibliographic references were consulted. The folic acid has two main functions in the organism: nucleic acids´ synthesis and repair, and also the synthesis of the methionine amino acid from homocystein; when the last one accumulates in the organism, it is associated to congenital defects and adults´ chronic diseases. Beginning from these aspects, it is stated that the intake before and after pregnancy is beneficial because it prevents defects of the neural tube, some congenital deficiencies, oral facial clefts, Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, obstetric infections, preeclampsia, uterine hemorrhage, sudden placental abruption, intrauterine grow retardation and prematurity. The excessive intake of more than 5 mg/d has been associate to anemia due vitamin B12 deficiency, zinc deficiency, intrauterine retarded grow and prematurity; in animal models it speeds up the malignant transformation of existent tumors. The authors arrived to the conclusion that folic acid contributes to preserving a normal embryogenesis and placentation, and that no adverse effects have been demonstrated, nevertheless it should be taken in adequate doses and for medical prescription.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[folatos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácido fólico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[beneficio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[embarazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[folates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[folic acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[benefit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pregnancy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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