<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1815-5928</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería Electrónica, Automática y Comunicaciones]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[EAC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1815-5928</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría, Cujae]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1815-59282021000300071</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Procesamiento longitudinal de IRM para documentar el efecto de medicamentos en ensayos clínicos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Longitudinal MRI processing to document the effect of drugs in clinical trials]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viña González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Dalmau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Evelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leslie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Obaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba (CNEURO)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Inmunología Molecular (CIM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1815-59282021000300071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1815-59282021000300071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1815-59282021000300071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En Cuba se producen medicamentos para tratar diferentes enfermedades. Por tanto, es necesario identificar y validar biomarcadores que permitan evaluar el curso natural de la enfermedad y el efecto en el tiempo de los fármacos utilizados durante los ensayos clínicos. El objetivo es establecer una metodología automática para el cálculo longitudinal de las estructuras cerebrales para estudiar las imágenes de resonancia magnética de los sujetos que participan en estos ensayos. Participaron 20 sujetos cubanos diagnosticados con Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y 20 individuos sanos de la base de datos internacional ADNI 3 (en inglés, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative), ambos grupos estudiados dos veces en un año. Los pasos para la cuantificación volumétrica longitudinal del hipocampo se establecieron para FreeSurfer 6.0. El pipeline se validó al no encontrar diferencias significativas entre los resultados del método desarrollado con los reportados por ADNI 3. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el cambio porcentual anual y el índice de asimetría del hipocampo entre sujetos sanos y enfermos. Se observó atrofia acelerada en sujetos enfermos en comparación con sujetos sanos. Por primera vez en Cuba, el procesamiento longitudinal para la cuantificación volumétrica de estructuras cerebrales se puede utilizar como biomarcador de imagen en investigaciones y ensayos clínicos. Se estableció y validó un procedimiento longitudinal para la cuantificación volumétrica automatizada del hipocampo. Su utilidad y confiabilidad se demostró al mostrar resultados similares a los reportados en bases de datos internacionales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In Cuba drugs are produced to treat dissimilar diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and validate biomarkers, which make it possible to assess the natural course of the disease and the effect over time of drugs used during clinical trials. Our goal is establishing an automatic methodology for the longitudinal calculation of brain structures to study magnetic resonance images of subjects participating in these trials. Twenty Cuban subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 healthy individuals from the international database ADNI 3 (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) participated, both groups studied twice in one year. The steps for the longitudinal volumetric quantification of the hippocampus were established for FreeSurfer 6.0. The pipeline was validated by not finding significant differences between the processing results with those reported by ADNI 3. Significant differences were found between the annual percentage change and the hippocampal asymmetry index between healthy and diseased subjects. Accelerated atrophy was observed in sick subjects compared to healthy subjects. For the first time in Cuba, longitudinal processing for the volumetric quantification of brain structures can be used as an imaging biomarker in research and clinical trials. A longitudinal procedure for automated volumetric quantification of the hippocampus was established and validated. Its usefulness and reliability were demonstrated by showing results similar to those reported in international databases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biomarcador de Imagen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Alzheimer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FreeSurfer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipocampo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[IRM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Seguimiento longitudinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Image Biomarker]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alzheimer's Disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FreeSurfer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hippocampus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MRI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Longitudinal Tracking]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viña-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Volumetric measurement of the hippocampus in a series of patients with Alzheimer&#8217;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3: Continued innovation for clinical trial improvement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>561-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jr Jack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knopman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging- Alzheimer&#8217;s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer&#8217;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alzheimers Dement]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>257-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voevodskaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of intracranial volume adjustment approaches on multiple regional MRI volumes in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in aging neuroscience]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>264</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reuter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroimage]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1402-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zhiyuan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Longitudinal analysis is more powerful than cross-sectional analysis in detecting genetic association with neuroimaging phenotypes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS one]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisa L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease pathology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archives of general psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>685-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganguli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mary]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alzheimer disease and mortality: a 15-year epidemiological study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archives of neurology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>779-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brain atrophy in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and aging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ageing research reviews]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>25-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sørensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lauge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using structural MRI cortical thickness, hippocampal shape, hippocampal texture, and volumetry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NeuroImage: Clinical]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>470-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Feng]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hippocampal volume and asymmetry in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Meta&#8208;analyses of MRI studies]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>1055-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josephine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Alzheimer&#8217;s disease affect hippocampal asymmetry? Evidence from a cross-sectional and longitudinal volumetric MRI study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>338-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
