<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2071-0054</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cie Téc Agr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2071-0054</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Agraria de La Habana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2071-00542020000400007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mitigation of Dynamic Stresses of a Ball Mill Using Rubber Coatings]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mitigación de esfuerzos dinámicos de un molino de bolas utilizando recubrimientos de goma]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo-Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dayvis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Águila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Minelkis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sigler-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Carbajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidad de Simulación e Ingeniería Mecánica Estructural-GrupoSSC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,SEPI-ESIME Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Agrícola ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Agraria de La Habana Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José de las Lajas Mayabeque]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH) Escuela de Estudios Agropecuarios Mezcalapa ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2071-00542020000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2071-00542020000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2071-00542020000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Ball mills are widely used in mining, agriculture and cement industries. There is little information on the design of such equipment from the structural point of view. Some of the main causes of failure are fractures of their walls, due to the impact of steel balls on their internal surfaces. Normally, they are attenuated through the use of wet milling, which acts as a shock absorber and a casing that protects the internal surfaces of the mill. However, it should be noted that this casing is not used in small mills. To avoid failure, the thickness of the mill is over-designed, increasing its cost. The design of small mills improves when considering the direct impact of the steel balls on the inner wall. This leads to the most critical condition of operation. In this work, the resulting stress field was evaluated following a couple of approaches: (I) the dynamic coefficient of impact loads was evaluated with the working energy principle and (II) a numerical analysis was performed with the Finite Elements Method. The operating parameters were calculated with the BM-Crush Program. The results showed that the cyclic stresses were close to the elastic limit. It was proposed to implement a rubber coating on the internal walls of the mill and the stress field was reduced 8.3 times, for a rubber thickness of 3 mm. In this way, a potential fatigue failure could be reduced.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los molinos de bolas son ampliamente utilizados en las industrias de minería, agricultura y cemento. Existe poca información sobre el diseño de dichos equipos desde el punto de vista estructural. Algunas de las principales causas de falla son las fracturas de sus paredes, debido al impacto de las bolas de acero en sus superficies internas. Normalmente, se atenúan mediante el uso de la molienda húmeda, que actúa como una absorción de choque y una carcasa que protege las superficies internas del molino. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que esa carcasa no se utiliza en pequeños molinos. Para evitar una falla, el grosor del molino está sobre diseñado, incrementándose su costo. El diseño de pequeños molinos mejora cuando se considera el impacto directo de las bolas de acero sobre la pared interna. Esto lleva a la condición más crítica de operación. En este trabajo, el campo de esfuerzos resultante se evaluó siguiendo un par de enfoques: (I) el coeficiente dinámico de las cargas de impacto se evaluó con el principio de trabajo energía y (II) se realizó un análisis numérico con el Método de Elementos Finitos. Los parámetros de operación se calcularon con el programa BM-Crush. Los resultados mostraron que los esfuerzos cíclicos estaban cerca del límite elástico. Se propuso implementar un revestimiento de goma en las paredes internas del molino, y el campo de tensión se redujo 8,3 veces, para un grosor del caucho de 3 mm. De este modo, se reduce una posible falla por fatiga.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Internal Wall]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Load Impact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Direct Impact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finite Elements]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pared interna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carga de impacto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impacto directo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Elementos Finitos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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