<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2071-0054</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cie Téc Agr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2071-0054</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Agraria de La Habana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2071-00542021000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Energy Balance in Agricultural Sprayers]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Balance energético en pulverizadores agrícolas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Prat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de las Cuevas-Milán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Pelayo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Educación Superior (MES)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Plaza de La Revolución La Habana]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Agraria de La Habana Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas Centro de Mecanización Agropecuaria (CEMA)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José de las Lajas Mayabeque]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2071-00542021000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2071-00542021000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2071-00542021000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Most of the sprayers used in fruit trees are of the type of jet transported, which use an air flow produced by a fan to transfer the pesticide drop to the tree. In the energy balance of agricultural sprayers assisted by air flow, it is proposed that between 50 and 65% of the power in these equipment is used by the fan that produces the air flow. Air stream sprayers produce high pollution due to high levels of drift. Using the Computer Modeling of Fluids (CFD) the aerodynamics of the air flow is analyzed based on the geometric and kinematic parameters of the fan, which allows to determine the air flow with better characteristics. The selected regimens assess the quality of the plant cover, using image treatment methods. In this case, a work regime is achieved that decreases the amount of power required, maintaining the quality of the treatment.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La mayoría de los pulverizadores utilizados en frutales son del tipo de chorro transportado, los cuales utilizan un flujo de aire producido por un ventilador para trasladar la gota de plaguicida al árbol. En el balance energético de los pulverizadores agrícolas asistidos por corriente de aire, se plantea que entre el 50 y el 65% de la potencia en estos equipos la utiliza el ventilador que produce el flujo de aire. Los pulverizadores con corriente de aire producen gran contaminación por altos niveles de deriva. Utilizando la Modelación de Fluidos en por Computadora (CFD) se analiza la aerodinámica del flujo de aire en función de los parámetros geométricos y cinemáticos del ventilador, lo que permite determinar el flujo de aire con mejores características. En los regímenes seleccionados se evalúan la calidad del cubrimiento de la planta, mediante métodos de tratamiento de imagen. En este caso se logra un régimen de trabajo que disminuye la cantidad de potencia requerida, manteniendo la calidad del tratamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sprayers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Air Stream]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Computational Fluid Dynamics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pulverizadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corriente de aire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dinámica de los fluidos computacional]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ABRAMOVICH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GIRSHOVICH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KRASHENINNIKOV]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SEKUNDOV]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SMIRNOVA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The theory of turbulent jets]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Moscow Izdatel Nauka]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DELELE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DE MOOR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SONCK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NICOLAÏ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VERBOVEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling and Validation of the Air Flow generated by a Cross Flow Air Sprayer as affected by Travel Speed and Fan Speed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biosystems Engineering]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>165-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DELELE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JAEKEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DEBAER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAETENS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENDALEW]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NICOLAÏ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VERBOVEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CFD prototyping of an air-assisted orchard sprayer aimed at drift reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Electronics in Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENDALEW]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DEBAER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RUTTEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VERCAMMEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DELELE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NICOLAÏ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VERBOVEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new integrated CFD modelling approach towards air-assisted orchard spraying-Part II: Validation for different sprayer types]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Electronics in Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>137-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WANG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JIANG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ZHU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling the influence of forced ventilation on the dispersion of droplets ejected from roadheader-mounted external sprayer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Mining Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>129-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HERRERA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DE LAS CUEVAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MENESES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de los parámetros del ventilador de las asperjadoras en la calidad del trabajo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>15-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RANDALL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationships between air volume and pressure on spray distribution in fruit trees]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHLITING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de la capa limite]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<edition>5ta</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mc Graw-Hill.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TSAY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LIANG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.-S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of an air-assisted boom spraying system under a no-canopy condition using CFD simulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions of the ASAE]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1887</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WALKLATE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WEINER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.-L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PARKIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of and experimental measurements made on a moving air-assisted sprayer with two-dimensional air-jets penetrating a uniform crop canopy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>365-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[XU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WALKLATE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RIGBY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RICHARDSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stochastic modelling of turbulent spray dispersion in the near-field of orchard sprayers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>74-76</volume>
<page-range>295-304</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
