<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2218-3620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Universidad y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universidad y Sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2218-3620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial "Universo Sur"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2218-36202018000500078</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La emergía como indicador de economía ecológica para medir sustentabilidad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The emergy as an indicator of ecological economy to measure sustainability]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo Amarante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edelvy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Bastida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiran Schulz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ralf]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sancti Spíritus  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cienfuegos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior Politécnico &#8220;José Antonio Echeverría&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Kassel  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Alemania</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>78</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2218-36202018000500078&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2218-36202018000500078&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2218-36202018000500078&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La necesidad de contabilizar e interpretar los efectos de los flujos de materia y energía en los ecosistemas, ha implicado la búsqueda de nuevos métodos de evaluación ambiental, que permitan integrar las diferentes formas de energía y su interacción con el medio. Así, el método emergético, o de contabilidad energética, usa la base termodinámica de todas las formas de energía, recursos y servicios humanos, y los convierte en equivalentes de una forma de energía: la emergía solar. La Emergía, es definida como la energía útil de un determinado tipo que se ha usado directa o indirectamente en las transformaciones necesarias para generar un producto o servicio. Tiene en consideración, y de hecho mide, la calidad de las diferentes formas de energía como: la luz del sol, agua, combustibles fósiles, y minerales. El reconocimiento de esas diferencias son las bases teóricas de la metodología emergética las cuales encuentran en la termodinámica, la teoría general de sistema y la ecología de sistemas, sus bases conceptuales. El presente trabajo explica los conceptos, metodologías e indicadores más utilizados para determinar la sostenibilidad de productos, procesos y servicios a partir del método emergético, destacando sus ventajas y desventajas, así como, ejemplos de su aplicación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The need to accounting and interpreting the effects of the flows of matter and energy in ecosystems, has involved the search for new methods of environmental assessment, which allow the integration of different forms of energy and their interaction with the environment. Thus, the emergetic method, or energy accounting uses the thermodynamic basis of all forms of energy, resources and human services, and converts them into equivalents of a form of energy: the solar emergy. The emergy, is defined as the useful energy of a certain type that has been used directly or indirectly in the transformations, necessary to generate a product or service. It takes into account, and in fact measures, the quality of different forms of energy such as: sunlight, water, fossil fuels, and minerals. The recognition of these differences are the theoretical bases of the emergetic methodology which find in the thermodynamics, the general theory of system and the ecology of systems, their conceptual bases. This paper explains the concepts, methodologies and indicators most commonly used to determine the sustainability of products, processes and services based on the emerging method, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as examples of their application.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Emergía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía ecológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índices de sostenibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Emergy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainability indexes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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