<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2223-4861</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Centro Azúcar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[cen. az.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2223-4861</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Feijóo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2223-48612021000300088</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[PRODUCCIÓN DE GEL HIDROALCOHÓLICO EN TIEMPOS DE COVID-19, OPORTUNIDAD PARA DISEÑAR EL PROCESO QUE GARANTICE LA CALIDAD]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[HYDROALCOHOLIC GEL PRODUCTION IN TIME OF COVID-19, OPPORTUNITY TO PROCESS DESIGN THAT GUARANTEES QUALITY]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erenio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guardado-Yordi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Estela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Galo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amaury]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal Amazónica Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puyo Pastaza]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central &#8220;Marta Abreu&#8221; de Las Villas Facultad de Química y Farmacia Departamento de Ingeniería Química]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Clara Villa Clara]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>88</fpage>
<lpage>97</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2223-48612021000300088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2223-48612021000300088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2223-48612021000300088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: La pandemia por Covid-19 ha puesto en evidencia la capacidad de respuesta, adaptación e investigación de la industria farmacéutica. A nivel mundial solo grandes farmacéuticas emprendieron la carrera por el desarrollo de la vacuna, sin embargo, muchas micro, pequeñas, medianas y grandes industrias dieron un giro para satisfacer el aumento en la demanda de productos de desinfección. Un proceso requiere garantizar la calidad desde la fase de diseño, con ello se reducen el número de defectuosos en la fase operación y se adapta a los requerimientos del mercado.  Objetivo: Diseñar un proceso para la producción de gel hidroalcohólico utilizando como materia prima alcohol artesanal.  Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó un procedimiento que considera la calidad del producto desde el diseño conceptual. Utiliza la guía para la expresión de la incertidumbre de medida (GUM) para determinar la incertidumbre de los parámetros operacionales.  Resultados y Discusión: En el caso de estudio aplicado se determinaron como rango operacional la concentración de carbopol de 0,34 a 0,45 y pH de 5,07 a 6,16 con ello el atributo de calidad se encuadra dentro de los límites de la especificación y se alcanza un nivel sigma mayor a tres, con esto se obtiene una productividad superior al 95 %.  Conclusiones: La disminución de la incertidumbre de las variables operacionales estandariza la viscosidad del producto y permite una mejor comprensión de los parámetros operacionales del proceso que garantizan el cumplimiento de su atributo de calidad desde la fase de diseño.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has measured the response, adaptation and research capacity of chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Worldwide, pharmaceutical companies launched the race for a vaccine development. However, some micro, small, medium and large enterprises have adapted to meet the increase in disinfection products demand. A process requires quality assurance from the design phase, thereby reducing the number of defective products in the operation phase and adapting to market requirements.  Objective: To design a production process for a hydroalcoholic gel, which meets quality specifications using artisanal alcohol as raw material.  Materials and Methods: A procedure was used that considers product quality from conceptual design. It uses the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) to determine the uncertainty of operational parameters.  Results and Discussion: In the applied case study, carbopol concentration of 0.34 to 0.45 and pH of 5.07 to 6.16 were determined as the operational range, thus the quality attribute is within the specification limits and a sigma level higher than three is achieved, resulting in a productivity superior than 95 %.  Conclusions: Reducing the uncertainty of operational variables standardizes the product viscosity and allows a better understanding of the process operational parameters. It is ensuring compliance with its quality attribute from the design phase.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[atributo de calidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calidad desde el diseño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño de procesos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[incertidumbre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[parámetros operacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[variabilidad del proceso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quality attribute]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quality by design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[process design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[uncertainty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[process parameter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[process variability]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelhamid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Six-Sigma in Lean Construction Systems: Opportunities and Challenges]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 11thAnnual Conference for Lean Construction]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Blacksburg, Virginia </conf-loc>
<page-range>65-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khinast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An integrated Quality by Design (QbD) approach towards design space definition of a blending unit operation by Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>106-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alderete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Stéfano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SIX SIGMA 0 de cómo las pinzas y martillos se tornan tecnología de punta]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XXVICongreso del Instituto Argentino de Profesores Universitarios de Costos]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>La Plata </conf-loc>
<page-range>10-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ARCSA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Arcsa ordena suspensión temporal de la Notificación Sanitaria Obligatoria de ALCOGEL WEIR por inconsistencias en su formulación]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-6</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Agencia Nacional de Regulación, Control y Vigilancia Sanitaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>BBC News Mundo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Coronavirus ¿sirve el gel antibacterial contra el Covid-19?]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC News Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedimiento para el diseño óptimo de procesos considerando la calidad: aplicación en la elaboración de miel de caña]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Centro Azúcar]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>103-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guardado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diéguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulation strategy to reduce quality uncertainty in the sugar cane honey process design]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniería e Investigación]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tablero de comando para la promoción de los biocombustibles en el Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>1-161</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Naciones Unidas - CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fresno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rheological characterization of hydroalcoholic gels - 15% ethanol - of Carbopol® UltrezTM 10]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Farmaco]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>5-7</numero>
<issue>5-7</issue>
<page-range>437-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fresno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic study of the flow behaviour and mechanical properties of Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 hydroalcoholic gels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>329-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aumentar la capacidad de fabricación de vacunas Covid-19, un reto posible para el sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta Médica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Hands Clean</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ficha Técnica: Handsclean Gel Hidroalcohólico]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEC- ESPAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta de Superficie y Producción Agropecuaria Continua]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>INEC</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índice de precios al consumidor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín estadístico]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>258</volume>
<page-range>1-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Six Sigma demystified]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>1-321</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Mc.Graw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>La Hora</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tungurahua entre las cuatro provincias con más decomiso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Hora]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Vaquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Sanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo seguro de la ropa e higiene de la piel en pacientes y profesionales sanitarios frente a la COVID-19: scoping review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enfermería Clínica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>89-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Julián]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oquendo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedimiento para enfrentar tareas de diseño de procesos de la industria azucarera y sus derivados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>333-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmerhaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<edition>Fifth</edition>
<page-range>226-414</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control Estadístico de Calidad y Seis Sigma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1689-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementation of Quality by Design for processing of food products and biotherapeutics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food and Bioproducts Processing]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>231-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Wolfram Research</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Mixture Distribution, Wolfram Language function]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>1-2</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Wolfram Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zumba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Empresas del país dejan de producir licor y pintura para generar alcohol y gel antibacterial]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-2</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Gráficos Nacionales S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
