<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2304-0106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anales de la ACC]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2304-0106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2304-01062023000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli resistente a cefalosporinas de tercera generación de aves y cerdos, reservorio para la diseminación de genes de multirresistencia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli resistant to third generation cephalosporins from poultry and swine, a reservoir for the dissemination of multi-resistance genes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Fillor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Báez Áreas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa Castaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perreten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vincent]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonso Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pastor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obregón Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dasiel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mayabeque]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Berna Instituto de Bacteriología Veterinaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Berna]]></addr-line>
<country>Suiza</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guelph  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ontario]]></addr-line>
<country>Canadá</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2304-01062023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2304-01062023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2304-01062023000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: La resistencia a cefalosporinas de tercera generación en Enterobacteriacea es mediada por las enzimas &#946;-lactamasas de espectro extendido. Las familias principales de enzimas &#946;-lactamasas de espectro extendido son CTX-M y SHV. E. coli y sus genes se propagan, ya sea por diseminación clonal o transferencia horizontal a través de la cadena alimentaria. Estudios previos demostraron en Cuba tipos cefalosporinas de tercera generación CTX-M en cepas de humanos, pero no existen datos en animales. El objetivo fue caracterizar E. coli- cefalosporinas de tercera generación comensal en aves y cerdos sanos.  Métodos: Se colectaron 434 exudados cloacales de aves (2013-2015) en Mayabeque y 215 rectales de cerdos en granjas y mataderos del occidente en 2016-2018. Se analizaron por técnicas de epidemiología molecular.  Resultados: Se informa la presencia de 62 cepas de E.coli-RC3G en aves y 96 de cerdos. Se notificaron por primera vez en Cuba las variantes blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15 en E. coli de aves y blaCTX-M-32, blaCTX-M-15 y blaCTX-M-55 en cepas de cerdos. Las cepas mostraron multirresistencia a otros antibióticos como tetraciclinas y fluoroquinolonas, revelaron alta diversidad, las de aves correspondieron a 23 tipos de secuencias y diferentes grupos de incompatibilidad plasmídica. Las cepas de cerdos a 16 tipos de secuencias, en una de ellas se secuenció el genoma completo y se comprobó la localización del gen blaCTX-M-32 en un plásmido IncX1. Coincidentemente, se detectan en cepas clínicas de humanos los tipos de secuencias 410 (aves) y 648 (cerdos) albergando blaCTX-M-15. Conclusiones Cepas de E. coli productoras de BLEE tipo CTX-M están extendidas en instalaciones de producción de aves y cerdos en la región occidental, la transferencia horizontal activa parece ser la vía principal para la diseminación de los genes blaCTX-M. Se sugiere revisar el uso de antimicrobianos en animales y fortalecer las buenas prácticas de higiene para minimizar el riesgo de propagación de clones de E. coli R-C3G.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriacea is mediated by extended spectrum &#946;-lactamase enzymes. The main families of &#946;-lactamase enzymes are CTX-M and SHV. E. coli and its genes are spread either by clonal spread or horizontal transfer through the food chain. Previous studies demonstrated in Cuba &#946;-lactamase enzymes CTX-M types in human strains, but there are no data in animals. The objective was to characterize commensal E. coli- third generation cephalosporins in healthy poultry and pigs.  Methods: Cloacal exudates (434) were collected from birds (2013-2015) in Mayabeque and 215 rectals from pigs in western farms and slaughterhouses in (2016-2015). They were analyzed by molecular epidemiology techniques.  Results: The presence of E. coli- third generation cephalosporins strains is reported in birds (62) and pigs (96). The variants blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15 were reported for the first time in Cuba in E.coli from birds and blaCTX-M-32, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-55 in strains of pigs. The strains showed multi-resistance to other antibiotics tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, revealed high diversity, those of birds corresponded to 23 types of sequences and different groups of plasmid incompatibility. The pig strains had 16 types of sequences, in one of them the entire genome was sequenced and the location of the blaCTX-M-32 gene in an IncX1 plasmid was verified. Coincidentally, sequence types 410 (birds) and 648 (pigs) harboring blaCTX-M-15 are detected in human clinical strains. Conclusions CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli strains are widespread in poultry and pig production facilities in the western region; active horizontal transfer seems to be the main route for the dissemination of blaCTX-M genes. It is suggested to review the use of antimicrobials in animals and to strengthen good hygiene practices to minimize the risk of propagation of E.coli third generation cephalosporins clones.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli resistente a cefalosporinas de 3ra generación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[&#946;-lactamasas de espectro extendido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cerdos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extended-spectrum &#946;-lactamases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poultry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[swine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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