SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

Referencias del artículo

BARRALES-CURENO, Hebert Jair. Pharmacological applications and in vitro biotechnological production of anticancer alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus. Biotecnol Apl [online]. 2015, vol.32, n.1, pp. 1101-1110. ISSN 1027-2852.

    1. Taha HS, El Bahr MK, Seif-El-Nasr MM. In vitro studies on egyptian Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.: 1-Calli production, direct shootlets regeneration and alkaloids determination. J Appl Sci Res. 2008;4(8):1017-22. [ Links ]

    2. Villaseñor Ríos JL, Espinosa García FJ. Catálogo de malezas de México. México D. F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Consejo Nacional Consultivo Fitosanitario, Fondo de Cultura Economica; 1998. [ Links ]

    3. Acosta de la Luz L, Rodríguez C. Instructivo técnico para el cultivo de Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Vicaria. Rev Cubana Plant Med. 2002;7(2):96-9. [ Links ]

    4. Fuentes V, Granda M. Conozca las plantas medicinales. La Habana: Editorial Científico-Técnica; 1997. [ Links ]

    5. Granda M, Acosta L. Apuntes sobre el cultivo de plantas medicinales en Cuba. No. 4. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (vicaria). Rev Cult Trop. 1984;6(2):491-7. [ Links ]

    8. Van der Heijden R, Jacobs DI, Snoeijer W, Hallard D, Verpoorte R. The Catharanthus alkaloids: pharmacognosy and biotechnology. Curr Med Chem. 2004;11:607-28. [ Links ]

    9. Karthikeyan B, Jaleel CA, Changxing Z, Joe MM, Srimannarayan J, Deiveekasundaram M. The effect of AM fungi and phosphorous level on the biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. EurAsia J BioSci. 2008;2:26-33. [ Links ]

    10. De Luca V, Cutler AJ. Subcellular localization of enzymes involved in indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiol. 1987;85(4):1099-102. [ Links ]

    11. Zhao J, Verpoorte R. Manipulating indole alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus cell cultures in bioreactors: from biochemical processing to metabolic engineering. Phytochem Rev. 2007;6(2):435-57. [ Links ]

    12. Soleimani F, Zarghami R, Ebrahimzadeh M. Effects of 2,4-D and kinetin concentrations on vinblastine and vincristine alkaloid contents in callus of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Int J AgriSci. 2013;3(10):759-65. [ Links ]

    13. Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Panneerselvam R. Growth and photosynthetic pigments responses of two varieties of Catharanthus roseus to triadimefon treatment. C R Biol. 2008;331(4):272-7. [ Links ]

    15. Ataei-Azimi A, Hashemloian BD, Ebrahimzade H, Majd A. High in vitro production of anti-canceric indole alkaloid from periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) tissue culture. African J Biotechnol. 2008;7(16):2834-9. [ Links ]

    16. Piovan A, Filippini R. Anthocyanins in Catharanthus roseus in vivo and in vitro: a review. Phytochem Rev. 2007;6(2):235-42. [ Links ]

    17. Yadav PD, Bharadwaj NSP, Yedukondalu M, Methushala CH, Kumar AR. Phytochemical evaluation of Nyctanthes arbortristis, Nerium oleander and Catharanthus roseus. Ind J Res Pharm Biotechnol. 2013;1(3):333-8. [ Links ]

    18. Ferreres F, Pereira DM, Valentao P, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Sottomayor M. New phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of Catharanthus roseus. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(21):9967-74. [ Links ]

    19. Mallik J, Chowdhury HB, Al Farouq A, Das S. Pharmacological profile of Catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae) - a detailed review. Asian J Pharmaceut Res Dev. 2013;1(3):1-6. [ Links ]

    20. Huxtable RJ. The pharmacology of extinction. J Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 37(1):1-11. [ Links ]

    21. Leveque D, Jehl F. Molecular pharmacokinetics of Catharanthus (vinca) alkaloids. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;47(5):579-88. [ Links ]

    22. Casado P, Zuazua-Villar P, del Valle E, Martinez-Campa C, Lazo PS, Ramos S. Vincristine regulates the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein HSP27 in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2007;247(2):273-82. [ Links ]

    23. Martínez RA, Ceballos AA, Flores JA, Cuervo J, Gómez D. ¿Es la vinblastina útil en la leucemia aguda mieloblástica? Rev Hematol Mex. 2012;13(1):11-5. [ Links ]

    24. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2008 v1.2, Cancer Incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2010 [cited 2014 Jan 15]. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr
[ Links ]

25. Curado MP, Edwards B, Shin HR, Storm H, Ferlay J, Heanue M, et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume IX. IARC Scientific Publications Nº 160. Lyon: International Agency for Cancer Research (WHO) and International Association for Cancer Registries; 2007. [ Links ]

27. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2010. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 2010. [ Links ]

29. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures for Hispanic/latinos 2009-2011. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2009. [ Links ]

30. Rizo P, Sierra MI, Vázquez G, Cano M, Meneses A, Mohar A. Registro Hospitalario de Cáncer: Compendio de cáncer 2000-2004. Cancerología. 2007;(2):203-87. [ Links ]

31. Tirado-Gómez LL, Mohar Betancourt A. Epidemiología de las neoplasias hematológicas. Cancerología. 2007;(2):109-20. [ Links ]

32. Mousavi M, Ilkhani AR, Sharifi S, Mehrzad J, Eghdami A, Monajjemi M. DFT studies of nano anticancer on vinblastine and vincristine molecules. Int J Microbiol Res Rev. 2013;1(2):31-8. [ Links ]

33. Jordan MA, Wilson L. Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(4):253-65. [ Links ]

34. Barrales-Cureño HJ, Ramírez Sepúlveda MF. A review on the production of taxoids anti-cancer of callus and cells of Taxus spp. in cultures in vitro. Rev Colomb Biotecnol. 2013;25(2):167-77. [ Links ]

35. Owellen RJ, Hartke CA, Hains FO. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of vinblastine in humans. Cancer Res. 1977;37(8 Pt 1):2597-602. [ Links ]

37. Vacca A, Lurlaro M, Ribatti D, Minischetti M, Nico B, Ria R, et al. Antiangiogenesis is produced by nontoxic doses of Vinblastine. Blood. 1999;94(12):4143-55. [ Links ]

38. Bates DJ, Salerni BL, Lowrey CH, Eastman A. Vinblastine sensitizes leukemia cells to cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, inducing acute cell cycle phase-independent apoptosis. Cancer Biol Ther. 2011;12(4):314-25. [ Links ]

39. Walts LR. The herbal encyclopedia. A practical guide to the many uses of herbs. New York: iUniverse, Inc. 2004. [ Links ]

40. Cuellar A, Lorincz C. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don que crece en Cuba. Aislamiento y caracterización de vinblastina y leurosina, dos alcaloides con propiedades citostáticas. Rev Cubana Farm. 1975;9(3):183-99. [ Links ]

41. Singh SN, Vats P, Suri S, Shyam R, Kumria MM, Ranganathan S, et al. Effect of an antidiabetic extract of Catharanthus roseus on enzymic activities in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;76(3):269-77. [ Links ]

43. Amirjani MR. Effects of drought stress on the alkaloid contents and growth parameters of Catharanthus roseus. J Agric Biol Sci. 2013;8(11):745-50. [ Links ]

44. Siddiqui M, Ismail Z, Aisha AFA, Majid AMS. Cytotoxic activity of Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) crude extracts and pure compounds against human colorectal carcinoma cell line. Int J Pharmacol. 2010;6(1):43-7. [ Links ]

46. Farnsworth NR. The pharmacognosy of the periwinkles: Vinca and Catharanthus. Lloydia. 1961;24(3):105-38. [ Links ]

47. Ponarulselvam S, Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Aarthi N, Kalimuthu K, Thangamani S, et al. Dodder transmission of alder yellows phytoplasma to the experimental host Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle). Eur J Forest Pathol. 1997;27(6):347-50. [ Links ]

48. Alor MJ, Gómez R, Huerta E, Pat JM, González M, De la Cruz C. Nutrición y crecimiento en fase de vivero de Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Momordica charantia L. y Azadirachta indica A. Juss, en el Municipio Centro, Tabasco-México. Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Arom. 2012;11(2):163-71. [ Links ]

49. Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Isaacson PG. Classification of lymphoid neoplasms: the microscope as a tool for disease discovery. Blood. 2008;112(12):4384-99. [ Links ]

50. Cruz Ortíz H, Rodríguez-Martínez HA, Román Bassaure E, Valle Gay A. Coriocarcinoma gestacional con metástasis múltiples. Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2000;43(4):153-6. [ Links ]

51. Rocha JP, Leech MJ. Regulación transcripcional de genes involucrados en la producción de alcaloides indol-terpenoides en plántulas de Catharanthus roseus. Revista Colombiana Biotecnol. 2002;4(2):17-26. [ Links ]

53. Taha HS, El-Bahr MK, Seif-El-Nasr MM. In vitro studies on Egyptain Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don. IV: Manipulation of some amino acids as precursors for enhanced of indole alkaloids production in suspension cultures. Aus J Basic Appl Sci. 2009;3:3137-44. [ Links ]

55. Vas A, Gulyas B. Eburnamine derivatives and the brain. Med Res Rev. 2005;25(6):737-57. [ Links ]

56. Gayatri CL, Chakravarthy R. Micro Propagation in Catharanthus roseus. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng. 2013;2(5):194-6. [ Links ]

58. Wong SK, Lim YY, Chan WCE. Botany, uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of selected apocynaceae species: a review. Pharmacognosy Commu. 2013:3(3):2-11. [ Links ]

59. Roquebert J, Demichel P. Inhibition of the alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenoceptor- mediated pressor response in pithed rats by raubasine, tetrahydroalstonine and akuammigine. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984;106(1):203-5. [ Links ]

60. Chung IM, Ali M, Chun SC, Lee SJ, San KY, Christie AMP, et al. New sesquiterpene glycosides from culture hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus. Chinese J Chem. 2007;25(11):1695-9. [ Links ]

61. Barrales-Cureño HJ, De la Rosa- Montoya, Villegas-Ortiz S. Hacia una genética celular del cáncer. Revista la Ciencia y el Hombre. 2012;25(2):1-6. [ Links ]

62. Moreno-Valenzuela OA, Galaz-Avalos RM, Minero-García Y, Loyola-Vargas VM. Effect of differentiation on the regulation of indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. Plant Cell Rep. 1998;18(1):99-104. [ Links ]

63. Wang S, Zheng Z, Weng Y, Yu Y, Zhang D, Fan W, et al. Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chinese medicinal herbal extracts. Life Sci. 2004;74(20):2467-78. [ Links ]

64. El-Merzabani MM, El-Aaser AA, Attia MA, El-Duweini AK, Ghazal AM. Screening system for Egyptian plants with potential anti-tumour activity. Planta Med. 1979;36(2):150-5. [ Links ]

65. Chattopadhyay SP, Das PK. Evaluation of Vinca rosea for the treatment of warts. Ind J Dermatol Venerol Leprol. 1990;56(2):107-8. [ Links ]

66. Cordell GA, Weiss SG, Farnsworth NR. Structure elucidation and chemistry of Catharanthus alkaloids. XXX. Isolation and structure elucidation of vincarodine. J Org Chem. 1974;39(4):431-4. [ Links ]

67. Agarwal S, Jacob S, Chettri N, Bisoyi S, Tazeen A, Vedamurthy AB, et al. Evaluation of in-vitro anthelminthic activity of Catharanthus roseus extract. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2011;3(3):211-3. [ Links ]

68. Hassan KA, Brenda AT, Patrick V, Patrick OE. In vivo antidiarrheal activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus Linn. (Apocyanaceae) in Wistar rats. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;5(15):1797-800. [ Links ]

69. Kumar A, Singhal KC, Sharma RA, Vyas GK, Kumar V. Analysis of antioxidant activity of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and its association with habitat temperature. Asian J Exp Biol Sci. 2012;3(4):706-13. [ Links ]

71. Muhammad LR, Muhammad N, Tanveer A, Baqir SN. Antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Catharanthas roseus. Clin. Exp Med J. 2009;3:81-5. [ Links ]

72. Patil PJ, Ghosh JS. Antimicrobial activity of Catharanthus roseus - A detailed study. Br J Pharm Toxicol. 2010;1(1):40-4. [ Links ]

73. Nayak BS, Pinto Pereira LM. Catharanthus roseus flower extract has wound-healing activity in Sprague Dawley rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:41-6. [ Links ]

74. Ramya S, Govindaraji V, Kannan KN, Jayakumararaj R. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity using crude extracts of Catharanthus roseus L. (G.) Don. Ethnobot Leaflets. 2008;12:1067-72. [ Links ]

75. El-Sayed A, Cordell GA. Catharanthus alkaloids. XXXIV. Catharanthamine, a new antitumor bisindole alkaloid from Catharanthus roseus. J Nat Prod. 1981;44(3):289-93. [ Links ]

76. Wong SK, Lim YY, Abdullah NR, Nordin FJ. Antiproliferative and phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of ten Apocynaceae species. Pharmacognosy Res. 2011;3(2):100-6. [ Links ]

78. Ghosh RK, Gupta I. Effect of Vinca rosea and Ficus racemososus on hyperglycemiain rats. Ind J Animal Health. 1980;19:145-8. [ Links ]

79. Chattopadhyay RR. A comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991;67(3):367-72. [ Links ]

80. Singh R, Kharb P, Rani K. Rapid micropropagation and callus induction of Catharanthus roseus in vitro using different explants. World J Agric Sci. 2011;7(6):699-704. [ Links ]

81. Tiong SH, Looi CY, Hazni H, Arya A, Paydar M, Wong WF, et al. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Molecules. 2013;18(8):9770-84. [ Links ]

83. De Luca V, Laflamme P. The expanding universe of alkaloid biosynthesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2001;4(3):225-33. [ Links ]

84. St-Pierre B, Vazquez-Flota FA, De Luca V. Multicellular compartmentation of Catharanthus roseus alkaloid biosynthesis predicts intercellular translocation of a pathway intermediate. Plant Cell. 1999;11(5):887-900. [ Links ]

85. Tikhomiroff C, Jolicoeur M. Screening of Catharanthus roseus secondary metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2002;955(1):87-93. [ Links ]

86. Barrales-Cureño HJ, Soto RM, Ramos AC, Trejo LI, Martínez M, Ramírez ME, et al. Extracción y cuantificación de taxoides por HPLC en hojas in situ y en callos inducidos in vitro de Taxus globosa Schlecht. Spanish J Rural Dev. 2011;2:103-14. [ Links ]

87. Barrales-Cureño HJ, Soto HM, Ramos VA, Luna PG, Trejo TL, Martínez VM, et al. Inducción de callos in vitro de Taxus globosa a partir de acículas. Rev Latinoam Quím. 2009;Suplemento Especial: 89. [ Links ]

88. Fatemeh KA, Abdolreza B. The effect of hormonal composition, type of explant and light condition on callus production in Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.). Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol. 2013;23(1):107-13. [ Links ]

89. Haq R, Naz S, Aslam F, Manzoor F. Comparison of in vitro response of micropropagation and callogenesis of medicinal plant, Vinca rosea L. J Agric Res. 2013; 51(1):9-17. [ Links ]

90. Verma AK, Singh RR, Singh S. Improved alkaloid content in callus culture of Catharanthus roseus. Bot Serbica. 2012;36(2): 123-30. [ Links ]

91. Verma A, Laakso I, Seppanen-Laakso T, Huhtikangas A, Riekkola ML. A simplified procedure for indole alkaloid extraction from Catharanthus roseus combined with a semi-synthetic production process for vinblastine. Molecules. 2007;12(7):1307-15. [ Links ]

92. Negi RS. Fast in-vitro callus induction in Catharanthus roseus - A medicinally important plant used in cancer therapy. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2011;2(4):597-603. [ Links ]

93. Kalidass Ch, Ramasamy MV, Arjunan D. Efecto de auxina y citoquinina en la producción de vincristina por cultivos in vitro de callos de Catharanthus roseus. (apocynaceae). Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst. 2010;12:283-8. [ Links ]

94. Ferderique H, Leslie M. Indole alkaloids biosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ. 1996;19:761. [ Links ]

95. Pandiangan D, Tilaar W, Nainggolan N. Morphological changes of cell in relation to increased catharanthine content of Catharanthus roseus cell aggregate cultures after tryptophan treatment. Int J Basic Appl Sci. 2013;13(1):45-51. [ Links ]

96. Hamada H, Tanaka T, Furuya T, Takahata H, Nemoto H. Hydroxylation of benzylic and allylic sites by plant cultured suspension cells. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001;42(5):909-11. [ Links ]

97. Ye M, Dai J, Guo H, Cui Y, Guo D. Glucosylation of cinobufagin by cultured suspension cells of Catharanthus roseus. Tetrahedron Lett 2002;43(47):8535-8. [ Links ]

98. Saifullah S, Kahn S. Callus induction and cell suspension culture production of Catharanthus roseus for Biotransformation studies of (-)- caryophyllene oxide. Pak J Bot. 2011;43(1):467-73. [ Links ]

99. Almagro L, Lopez Perez AJ, Pedreno MA. New method to enhance ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures based on the use of cyclodextrins. Biotechnol Lett. 2011;33(2):381-5. [ Links ]

101. Yahia A, Kevers C, Gaspar T, Chénieux JC, Rideau M, Crèche J. Cytokinins and ethylene stimulate indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus by two distinct mechanisms. Plant Sci. 1998;133(1):9-15. [ Links ]

102. Moreno PRH, Van der Heijden R, Verpoorte R. Cell and tissue cultures of Catharanthus roseus: A literature survey II. Updating from 1998 to 1993. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 1995;42:1-25. [ Links ]

103. Kim SW, Jung KH, Kwak SS, Liu JR. Relationship between cell morphology and indole alkaloid production in suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus, Plant Cell Rep. 1994;14(1):23-6. [ Links ]

104. Pandiangan D, Rompas DH, Aritonang HF, Esyanti RR, Marwani E. The influence of tryptophan on growth and catharanthine content in C. roseus callus culture. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains. 2006;11:111-5. [ Links ]

105. Barrales-Cureño HJ, Soto Hernández M. Bioquímica de los taxoides utilizados contra el cáncer. Rev Educ Bioquímica. 2011;30(1):12-20. [ Links ]

106. Barrales-Cureño HJ, Soto HM. Taxoids: secondary metabolites of the yew tree (Taxus spp.). Rev Chapingo. Serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente. 2012;18(2):207-21. [ Links ]

107. Wissing JB, Kornak B, Funke A, Riedel B. Phosphatidate Kinase. A novel enzyme in phospholipid metabolism (characterization of the enzyme from suspension-cultured Catharanthus roseus cells). Plant Physiol. 1994;105(3):903-9. [ Links ]

108. Marfori EC, Kajiyama S, Fukusaki E, Kobayashi A. Trichosetin, a novel tetramic acid antibiotic produced in dual culture of Trichoderma harzianum and Catharanthus roseus Callus. Z Naturforsch C. 2002;57(5-6):465-70. [ Links ]

109. Mitsuhashi N, Ohnishi M, Sekiguchi Y, Kwon YU, Chang YT, Chung SK, et al. Phytic acid synthesis and vacuolar accumulation in suspension-cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus induced by high concentration of inorganic phosphate and cations. Plant Physiol. 2005;138(3):1607-14. [ Links ]

110. Kargi F, Ganapathi B, Maricic K. Indole alkaloid formation by Catharanthus roseus cells in a biofilm reactor. Biotechnol Prog. 1990;6(4):243-8. [ Links ]

111. Chambault J, Volesky B, Kurz WG. Production of indole alkaloids by surface immobilized C. roseus cells. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1990;35(7):660-7. [ Links ]

112. Cau-uitz R, Miranda-Ham ML, Coello-Coello J, Chi B, Pacheco LM, Loyola-Vargas VM. Indole alkaloid production by transformed and non-transformed root cultures of Catharanthus roseus. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1994;30(1):84-8. [ Links ]

113. Canel C, Lopes-Cardoso MI, Whitmer S, van der Fits L, Pasquali G, van der Heijden R, et al. Effects of over-expression of strictosidine synthase and tryptophan decarboxylase on alkaloid production by cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Planta. 1998;205(3):414-9. [ Links ]

114. Xu M, Dong J, Zhu M. Effect of nitric oxide on catharanthine production and growth of Catharanthus roseus suspension cells. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005;89(3):367-71. [ Links ]

115. Srivastava NK, Srivastava AK. Influence of gibberellic acid 14CO2 metabolism, growth, and production of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Photosynthetica 2007;45(1):156-60. [ Links ]

116. Ramani S, Jayabaskaran C. Enhanced catharanthine and vindoline production in suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus by ultraviolet-B light. J Mol Signal. 2008;3:9-14. [ Links ]

117. Zhou ML, Shao JR, Tang YX. Production and metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in cell cultures of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Madagascar periwinkle). Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2009;52(Pt 4):313-23. [ Links ]

118. Suttipanta N, Pattanaik S, Kulshrestha M, Patra B, Singh SK, Yuan L. The transcription factor CrWRKY1 positively regulates the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiol. 2011;157(4):2081-93. [ Links ]

119. Zhou ML, Zhu XM, Shao JR, Wu YM, Tang YX. An protocol for genetic transformation of Catharanthus roseus by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012;166(7):1674-84. [ Links ]

120. Guo ZG, Liu Y, Gong MZ, Chen W, Li WY. Regulation of vinblastine biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 2013;112(1):43-54. [ Links ]

121. Shanks JV, Bhadra R, Morgan J, Rijhwani S, Vani S. Quantification of metabolites in the indole alkaloid pathways of Catharanthus roseus: implications for metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1998;58(2-3):333-8. [ Links ]

123. Doller G, Alfermann AW, Reinhard E. Production von indole alkaloid in callus kulturen von Catharanthus roseus. Planta Med. 1976;30:14-20. [ Links ]

124. Asada M, Shuler ML. Stimulation of ajmalicine production and extraction from Catharanthus roseus: effect of adsorption in situ, elicitors and alginate immobilization. Appl Microbial Biotechnol. 1989;30(5):475-81. [ Links ]

125. Aniszewski T. Alkaloids-secrets of life: Alkaloid chemistry, biological significance, applications and ecological role. Netherlands: Elsevier; 2007. [ Links ]

126. Magagula NL, Mohanlall V, et al. Optimizing production of alkaloids in cell suspension culture, callus culture, and Agrobacterium rhizogen transformed hairy root culture of Catharanthus roseus. Durban: Durban University of Technology; 2013. [ Links ]

127. Stephanopoulos GN, Aristidou AA, Nielsen J. Metabolic engineering. San Diego CA: Academic Press; 1998. [ Links ]