Introduction:

Preventing disease and death during the reproduction process is one of the fundamental pillars for the development of reproductive health, in which the nurse plays a key role in empowering the self-care of women at childbearing age.

Objective:

To systematize the nursing action in prevention and control of preconception reproductive risk.

Methods:

Systematic bibliographic review to carry out a reflexive critical analysis of the content of original and review articles published in Spanish between 2005 and 2015. The search was carried out in the databases Medline EMBASE, Current Contents, and Science Citation Index, from January to March 2016; the key words used were riesgo preconcepcional [preconception risk], práctica de enfermería [nursing practice], y atención de enfermería al riesgo preconcepcional [nursing care over preconception risk]. After the identification of the pre-selected studies, the titles, summary and key words were read, verifying the relevance with the study.

Conclusion:

An adequate knowledge of women of childbearing age on preconception risk allows maintaining an optimal state of health to assume a pregnancy with satisfactory final results. The lack of knowledge in women about conditions or habits of risk for their health and for assuming a satisfactory pregnancy, to which insufficient nursing work is added in the prevention of preconception risk.

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