Introduction:

Worldwide, nearly 55 million people are living with dementia. It is estimated that this number will reach nearly 82 million in 2030 and over 152 million in 2050, unless the risk factors are identified and interventions are implemented to prevent, delay the onset, and slow or stop its progression.

Objective:

To provide an update on recent changes in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Material and Methods:

Bibliographic review of the literature on this subject published between January 1, 2012 and December 30, 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, using the terms " Alzheimer”, OR “dementia”, OR “cognitive impairment”.

Results:

The governments must prepare for a tsunami of demands for health services as a result of the world population aging and improve the diagnoses, including biomarkers and emerging pharmacological treatments. The timely detection of cognitive impairment, and the causal diagnosis and proper management of the nosological entity is crucial.

Conclusions:

The health systems should introduce annual neurocognitive assessments on a global level for people over 55 years of age, facilitated by the development of biomarker science, with the opportunity to promote risk reduction strategies. The existence of potentially modifiable risk factors means that dementia can be prevented through the implementation of a public health strategy with key interventions that delay or slow down the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia.

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