Abstract

QUINTERO NOA, Julianis Loraine; MACIAS ABRAHAM, Consuelo; HERNANDEZ CORDERO, María del Carmen  and  MELENDEZ QUINTERO, Loraine Lilia. Etiology of otic cholesteatoma. Rev Cubana Pediatr [online]. 2011, vol.83, n.4, pp. 393-404. ISSN 0034-7531.

Cholesteatoma is a cystic structure characterized by presence of squamous epithelium producing keratin substituting or recovering the normal mucosa in the groove of middle ear and petrous apex and may to be caused by irreversible hypoacusia, bone destruction and severe complications due to its expansive growth. Typically the cholesteatomas are described as congenital and acquired. The etiology of its formation is multifactor and still remains a subject not very clear and controversial. Different theories are reported to explain the congenital cholesteatoma, the transition of a retraction pocket until the appearance of primary acquired cholesteatoma and other on the genesis of the secondary acquired cholesteatoma. Presence of some cytokines in cholesteatoma is described inducing to hyperproliferation and not coordinated of keratinocytes of the external auditory meatus and the pars flaccida more aggressive in the pediatric acquired cholesteatoma playing a fundamental role in the proliferation and in apoptosis of keratinocyte. In a sample of choleastomatous tissue in vitro culture has been recently identified that the a-TNF stimulates the production of IL-8. It is interesting to offer present review on the etiology of cholesteatoma that still is under research and a challenge for otologists due to its high relapses incidence and potential complications.

Keywords : congenital otic cholesteatoma; acquired cholesteatoma; pathogenesis; cytokines.

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