Introduction:

Next-generation probiotics are novel active biotherapy that has emerged over the past decade based on unknown commensal bacteria, isolated by molecular biology methods and representing a new challenge to be used in specific conditions related to severe alterations of dysbiosis in the gut microbiota.

Objective:

Analyze the characteristics of next generation probiotic candidates due to their mechanisms of action and the value of their application for the treatment of specific metabolic and systemic conditions.

Methods:

Publications from January 2010 to July 2020 in Spanish and English were reviewed on PubMed, Scimago, ScIELO, and were used the terms: next generation probiotics, probiotics, gut microbiota, dysbiosis.

Results:

There were updated criteria on next-generation probiotics, concept, mechanisms of action, specificities, results of research in mice and limited human studies in specific systemic diseases and metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Historical background, indications such as biotherapeutics in bowel diseases and next-generation probiotic differential traits with traditional probiotics were reviewed.

Final Considerations:

Knowledge gained over the past decade in studies with non-previously isolated intestinal commensal bacteria emerges as next-generation probiotics for active biotherapy as the treatment of choice in severe intestinal microbiota dysbiosis alterations, associated with specific systemic diseases that lead to metabolic syndrome. Experimental evidence opens up promising path to influence improvement or resolution of such conditions.

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