Introduction:

Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder, characterized by the descent of at least two blood cell lines. Publications of Evans syndrome and cytomegalovirus infection are scarce.

Objective:

To examine the case of a girl with Evans syndrome and active cytomegalovirus infection who responded favorably to antiviral therapy.

Case presentation:

A 13-month-old girl with a history of prematurity and low birth weight, who attended the consultation for presenting pallor and ecchymosis in the thorax, abdomen and extremities. Laboratory tests found thrombocytopenia and severe anemia after a positive direct Coombs test. She received pulses of methylprednisolone with unfavorable response. The viral load was positive for cytomegalovirus (4019 copies of DNA) and received valganciclovir with favorable evolution at follow-up.

Conclusions:

Evans syndrome associated with CMV infection is uncommon. Treatment with valganciclovir may be beneficial for a certain group of patients. However, more studies are needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this treatment in this syndrome; even more so if it is associated with a high viral load.

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